Igneous Rocks

25 July 2022
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question
Which volcanic rock is extremely vesicular and glassy?
answer
Pumice
question
Why are lava flows typically finer-grained than intrusive igneous rocks?
answer
Because the extrusive magma cools quickly and mineral grains do not have time to grow
question
Which of the following pairs of igneous rocks exhibit aphanitic texture?
answer
Andesite; rhyolite
question
In a porphyritic volcanic rock, which mineral grains are the last to crystallize?
answer
Matrix or groundmass
question
What ultramafic rock is thought to be common in Earth's mantle but rare in the crust?
answer
Peridotite
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Of those below, which igneous rock or magma has the lowest silica (SiO2) content?
answer
Peridotite
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Which term describes a texture of igneous rocks that crystallized over a single, long period?
answer
Phaneritic
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Which texture listed below would be most unlikely to occur in an extrusive igneous rock?
answer
Phaneritic
question
The last minerals to crystallize on Bowen's Reaction Series result in igneous rocks with a ____________ composition
answer
Felsic
question
Named for a mountain range in South America, which rock forms from volcanic activity there?
answer
Andesite
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Which of the following rocks is composed mainly of ferromagnesian minerals?
answer
Peridotite
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Which of the following is a factor that does not affect the generation of magma?
answer
Crystal Size
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Which rock would be most likely to contain visible quartz and potassium feldspar crystals?
answer
Granite
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Which of the following minerals crystallize early in Bowen's reaction series?
answer
Olivine
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What is the dominant lava erupted from volcanoes on Hawaii and Iceland?
answer
Basalt
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Which of the following igneous rocks has a pyroclastic texture, meaning it was formed from a glowing avalanche?
answer
Welded tuff
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What type of igneous rock consists of very coarse crystals
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Pegmatite
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What do pumice and obsidian have in common?
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Glassy texture
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What term describes the sizes, shapes, and arrangements of mineral grains in an igneous rock?
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Texture
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What is the dominant feldspar in basalt?
answer
Plagioclase
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A ____________ is an open cavity in a volcanic rock that was filled by a gas bubble when the lava was still mainly liquid
answer
Vesicle
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Why would a plume of solid silicate rock rising slowly from deep in the mantle begin melting as it neared the abse of the lithosphere
answer
Temperatures remain high as lowered pressures decrease melting temperatures
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Which term describes the changing of the composition of magma by incorporating surrounding host rock
answer
Assimilation
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Which of the following are used for studying rocks with a polarizing or petrographic microscope
answer
thin sections
question
Which of the following rocks has the same mineral composition as andesite
answer
Diorite