Weathering of rocks releases chemical elements that make the oceans salty.
question
Which, if any, of the following is NOT a common trigger for slope failure?
answer
adding water to a slope,
volcanic eruption,
shaking during an earthquake,
oversteepening of cliffs or hillslopes during road construction,
(all of these are common triggers for slope failure).
question
Which, if any, of the following is probably NOT important in assessing an area's potential for slope failure?
answer
All of these are important.
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Compared to a gentle slope, a steep slope will have a
answer
slower rate of soil formation and less soil.
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What is the main force involved in the stability of slopes?
answer
gravity
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Which sequence of events is required to form a limestone cave where you can walk around and observe cave formations, such as stalactites? (Note: stalactites hang from the ceiling - they have to hold on tight to the roof.)
answer
limestone is below the water table, then lowering of the water table, then water dripping from the ceiling
question
What geologic event is probably indicated by this irregular coast, with estuaries?
answer
a rise in sea level
question
Factors that affect the appearance of a shoreline include
answer
the hardness of bedrock along the coast, climate and vegetation, whether sea level has risen or fallen relative to the coast (all of these)
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What was a key point demonstrated by photographs in the textbook from before and after hurricanes?
answer
Waves and storm surge caused erosion of beaches and destruction of houses.
question
It has been proposed that the reason that the Pacific Ocean has many more coral reefs than the Atlantic Ocean is that
answer
the last glacial advance left the Atlantic too cold to allow coral to survive.
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Which of the following can influence whether a coast gains or loses sand with time?
answer
the amount of precipitation on land, the amount of sediment in rivers, a longshore current , prevailing wind direction (all of these)
question
What does LIDAR data tell us about shorelines?
answer
changes in elevation, including destruction of houses
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Summer temperatures are high in arid climates because
answer
high sun angle and low relative humidity
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Köppen's intent in developing his climatic classification system was to correlate temperature and precipitation with
answer
vegetation
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Which of the following is a correct example of global warming creating a positive feedback
answer
Ice has a higher albedo than water so replacing ice with water causes the surface to warm.
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Where there are abrupt changes in elevation, climate patterns
answer
change over short distances especially over land
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In the last 200 years, sea level has risen approximately
answer
.2m
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Temperatures become more variable and precipitation decreases as one travels from west to east from Europe into Asia. This is best explained by
answer
prevailing westerlies and the orientation of mountain chains
question
Which of the following is true about biomes in general?
answer
Biogeographers disagree on how many biomes there are, and which types of landscapes should be considered part of the same biome.
question
Elevation affects the distribution of terrestrial biomes through its effect on
answer
both temperature and precipitation.
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The effects of global climate change are magnified in mountainside environments because
answer
there are such narrow belts of different ecosystems that would shift abruptly.
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In the map below, lavender represents
answer
tundra
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The boreal forest biome is known for its
answer
coniferous trees.
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The environmental boundaries between biomes, called ecotones, are:
answer
represent a gradual shift in biotic features
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Green
answer
Grasslands
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Light green
answer
Temperate forest
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Brown
answer
Desert
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Pink
answer
Tropical rainforest
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Orange
answer
Subtropical scrub & woodland
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Geophysical feature of the Bering Sea area
answer
Convergent plate boundary
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Geophysical feature of the East African Rift
answer
Divergent boundary
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New Oceanic Lithosphere forms at
answer
Divergent plate boundary
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What type of boundary is depicted on the western coast of South America?
answer
Convergent
question
Convergent plate boundary
answer
When two plates come together, colliding many times, creating an earthquake, volcano, and tsunami
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Divergent plate boundary
answer
two plates spreading away from each other
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