Human A&P Chapter 15

Basal Epithelial Cells

Which region of the ear houses perilymph and endolymph?

Stapes, incus, malleus

What type of channel is responsible for the initial changes in the membrane potential of the hair cells, which ultimately determines the cochlear nerve response to sound?

Where are equilibrium receptors located?

Which of the following is true of receptors for dynamic equilibrium?

What does the vestibular apparatus detect?

Identify the type of neuron that would be secreting neurotransmitter in the light.

Which structure is NOT matched with its function? a. ciliary body: focus the pupil b. choroid: vascular layer c. iris: allow light into eye d. retina: senses light

If retinal detachment occurs in the macula lutea, one can predict that there would be a significant loss of ______.

The sensory layer of the eye.

The structure most responsible for focusing light rays that enter the eye.

Helps maintain the intraocular pressure; located in the anterior part of the eye.

Area of greatest visual acuity.

What term refers to the eye's moving medially to track items close at hand?

What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye?

The function of the lens of the eye is to allow precise focusing of light on the retina. T/F

In a person who is color blind, which of the following would you most expect to see?

Which of the following is the best explanation of why it is difficult to discriminate the color of an object at night?

Which of the following is the best explanation for our perception of color?

Photoreceptors are modified neurons. However, they differ from most neurons in the fact that ________.

What is the main function of the rods in the eye?

There are three layers of neurons in the retina. The axons of which of these neuron layers form the optic nerves?

Overlap in the visual fields of our eyes ________.

If you shine a light into one eye both pupils will constrict. The best explanation for this is ________.

The first "way station" in the visual pathway from the eye, after there has been partial crossover of the fibers in the optic chiasma, is the ________.

How are the olfactory receptors activated?

Humans can smell as many as 10,000 different odors but have significantly fewer types of olfactory receptors. Which of the following is the best explanation for why humans can distinguish so many smells?

Olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by ________.

Which structures serve as the taste cells?

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for something to be tasted?

Bitter taste is elicited by ________.

A middle ear infection (otitis media) would be located in which region?

What part of the inner ear houses the receptor organ of hearing, the spiral organ (organ of Corti)?

Name the enlarged swelling at the end of semicircular canals that is a sensory structure.

Connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx.

Detects linear acceleration.

Ear stones.

Contains utricle and saccule.

Separates external acoustic meatus from the middle ear.

The fluid contained within the membranous labyrinth is called perilymph. T/F

Receptors for hearing are located in the ________.

Sound is generally perceived in the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.

The semicircular canals are adapted to detect static equilibrium.

Information from balance receptors goes directly to the ________.

An essential part of the maculae involved in static equilibrium is (are) the ________.

Cristae respond to angular acceleration and deceleration. T/F

Retinal cones detect _________ light and are found in the highest concentration in the ___________.

Accommodation is mainly achieved via physical change to the ___________.

What is the role of the visual pigment?

At rest (i.e. in the dark) photoreceptors are depolarized. T/F

The olfactory pathway to the brain includes synapsing in the thalamus. T/F

Which of the following taste sensations is perceived when protons are detected in taste buds?

Movement of the stereocilia of hair cells within the cochlea in regards to the ___________ initiates the beginning of sound transduction (the conversion of the sound waves into an action potential).

The spiral organ (aka organ of Corti) is located within the:

The position of our head in regards to gravity is considered dynamic equilibrium. T/F

Information regarding dynamic equilibrium is sent to the brain via CN VIII. T/F

Dynamic equilibrium monitors head rotation. T/F

Dynamic equilibrium is monitored via the ampullary cupula within the semicircular canals. T/F

Equilibrium information is sent first to the cerebral cortex for processing and integration. T/F

ALL BUT WHICH of the following cranial nerves are involved in gustation? a. facial b. hypoglossal c. glossopharyngeal d. vagus