Ho Chi Minh

21 August 2022
4.7 (114 reviews)
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Ho Chi Minh
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1950s and 60s; communist leader of North Vietnam; used geurilla warfare to fight anti-comunist, American-funded attacks under the Truman Doctrine; brilliant strategy drew out war and made it unwinnable
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Vietminh
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An organization of Vietnamese Communists and other nationalist groups that between 1946 and 1954 fought for Vietnamese independence from the French
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Domino Theory
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A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.
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The Geneva Accords
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This 1954 treaty divided Vietnam into two countries
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Vietcong
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A group of Communist guerrillas who, with the help of North Vietnam, fought against the South Vietnamese government in the Vietnam War.
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Napalm
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Highly flammable chemical dropped from US planes in firebombing attacks during the Vietnam War.
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Agent Orange
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a herbicide used in the Vietnam War to defoliate forest areas
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Ho Chi Minh Trail
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A network of jungle paths winding from North Vietnam through Laos and Cambodia into South Vietnam, used as a military route by North Vietnam to supply the Vietcong during the Vietnam War.
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The Tet Offensive
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A large attack by communist forces on American strongholds throughout Vietnam taking place on January 31, 1968 in which a few cities fell to communist forces. This offensive revealed to many Americans the brutality of the fighting in Vietnam as it was documented through television and photographs. Although this was a military victory for the United States, it significantly hindered the Johnson administration.
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26 Amendment
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lowers voting age to 18, 18 years of age and older can vote.
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Lyndon B. Johnson
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(1963-1965) and (1965-1969) The 24th Amendment is added in 1964. In 1965 the 25th Amendment is passed and in 1967 it is added to the Constitution.
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Richard Nixon
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1968 and 1972; Republican; Vietnam: advocated "Vietnamization" (replace US troops with Vietnamese), but also bombed Cambodia/Laos, created a "credibility gap," Paris Peace Accords ended direct US involvement; economy-took US off gold standard (currency valued by strength of economy); created the Environmental Protection Agency, was president during first moon landing; SALT I and new policy of detente between US and Soviet Union; Watergate scandal: became first and only president to resign
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Vietnamization
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A war policy in Vietnam initiated by Nixon in June of 1969. This strategy called for dramatic reduction of U.S. troops followed by an increased injection of S. Vietnamese troops in their place. A considerable success, this plan allowed for a drop in troops to 24,000 by 1972. . This policy became the cornerstone of the so-called "Nixon Doctrine". As applied to Vietnam, it was labeled "Vietnamization".
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Henry Kissinger
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Awarded 1973 Nobel Peace Prize for helping to end Vietnam War and withdrawing American forces. Heavily involved in South American politics as National Security Advisor and Secretary of State. Condoned covert tactics to prevent communism and facism from spreading throughout South America.
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Pentagon Papers
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(RN), , a classified study of the Vietnam War that was carried out by the Department of Defense. An official of the department, Daniel Ellsberg, gave copies of the study in 1971 to the New York Times and Washington Post. The Supreme Court upheld the right of the newspapers to publish the documents. In response, President Richard Nixon ordered some members of his staff, afterward called the "plumbers," to stop such "leaks" of information. The "plumbers," among other activities, broke into the office of Ellsberg's psychiatrist, looking for damaging information on him. r Defense Secretary Robert McNamara , revealed among other things that the government had drawn up plans for entering rthe war even as President Johnson promised that he would not send American troops to Viet.
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The "Christmas Day" Bombings
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Beginning on December 18, American B-52s and fighter-bombers dropped over 20,000 tons of bombs on the cities of Hanoi and Haiphong. The United States lost 15 of its giant B-52s and 11 other aircraft during the attacks. North Vietnam claimed that over 1,600 civilians were killed.
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The Fall of Saigon
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Was the capture of Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, by the North Vietnamese army on April 30, 1975. The event marked the end of the Vietnam War and the start of a transition period leading to the formal reunification of Vietnam under communist rule.
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Operation Frequent Wind
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Rescuing and extracting Americans and S. Vietnamese leaders who supported the U.S. efforts in 1975 as Saigon fell
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The War Powers Act
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prevented the president from involving the United States in war without authorization from Congress