Government Ch. 11 & 12

12 October 2022
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question
What are functions of interest groups?
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To get their members elected to political office
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Organized interest groups enhance American democracy by doing this:
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Representing the interests of large numbers of people and encouraging political participation
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Public interest groups differ from other types of interest groups in that they do this:
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They claim to serve the common good, not just their own particular interests.
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What are key organizational components of interest groups?
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Members, money, leadership, and an agency or office.
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The major organizational factors shared by most interest groups are these:
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Leadership, money, an agency or office, and members.
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***Successful interest groups quickly become this:
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Bureaucratized
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Members of interest groups in the United States are typically what kind of people?
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With higher levels of income and education
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What are political parties more capable of doing than interest groups?
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Organizing people on a mass scale
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The free-rider problem occurs because:
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The benefits of a group's actions are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers
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The first organized interest groups arose in response to this:
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Economic interventions of the federal government during the 1890s.
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***Which groups would be considered part of the New Politics movement?
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The Sierra Club
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What is lobbying? Pg. 445
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An attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting direct pressure on members of Congress or a state legislature.
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An iron triangle is made up of an alliance between these groups: Pg. 450
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A legislative committee, an interest group, and an executive agency.
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What has Congress done in recent years in order to limit the influence of interest groups?
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Outlawed all contact between lobbyists and members of Congress during legislative sessions
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A grassroots lobbying campaign occurs when this happens:
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When an interest group mobilizes its members and their families throughout the country to write their representatives in support of the group's position
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What is the primary function of a political action committee (PAC)?
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To raise and distribute money to election campaigns
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Interest groups are permitted to spend as much money as they want on issue advocacy during a campaign season, as long as they do this:
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Do not coordinate their efforts with a candidate's own campaign organization.
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Congress is a ______ legislature with ______ members.
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bicameral, 535
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How long is the term of office for a U.S. senator?
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6 years
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The frequency with which they must seek re-election makes members of the House be like this:
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More responsive to the needs of local interest groups in the districts they represent
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Representation of women and minorities has decreased by one-third since the 1970s. True or False?
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False
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Three factors related to the American electoral system affect who is elected to office in this country and what they do once they get there. Those factors are:
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Who decides to run for office, incumbency, and the drawing of district lines.
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One reason some people support the instatement of term limits in the House and Senate is:
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That it will increase turnover and get new faces into Congress.
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Describe the process of reapportionment.
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In order for one state to gain a seat, another state must lose a seat
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Gerrymandering refers to this: Pg 480
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The manipulation of electoral districts to serve the interests of a particular group.
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What did the Supreme Court declare in Miller v. Johnson?
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The racial composition of a district could not be the predominant factor when redistricting.
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What happens with pork-barrel legislation? Pg 482
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Deals with specific projects and their location within a particular congressional district.
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Who has the most real power in the Senate?
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The majority and minority leaders
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The need to divide the labor of legislation is best exemplified in what formal structure of Congress?
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The establishment of standing committees
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The House Ways and Means Committee has jurisdiction over which of the following areas?
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Taxes, trade and entitlement programs
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The determination of the time and structure of floor debate on a bill, in the House of Representatives, is up to the following:
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Rules Committee
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The filibuster is likely to remain a feature of legislative politics in the United States because:
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A sixty-seven vote majority is required to eliminate it
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How can a president's veto be overridden by Congress?
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By two-thirds vote in both houses
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Oversight can best be described as:
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The efforts of congress to supervise the manner in which its laws are implemented by the executive branch
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Describe Congress's role in foreign policy. Pg 506
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The Constitution directs Congress to stay out of foreign affairs and concentrate solely on domestic politics.
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Members of Congress can represent the people in two ways: as a ______, a member of Congress acts on the express preferences of his or her constituency; as a ______, a member is more loosely tied to constituents and makes the decisions he or she thinks are best.
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Delegate; trustee