Which group is most likely to have the lowest measles immunization rate?
answer
Poorest 20% population of West and Central Africa
question
Which statement about health equity is true?
answer
It is a multidimensional concept, that includes issues of fairness within and across countries
question
Which statement about measles vaccination by income quintile is true?
answer
The gaps in vaccine coverage between income groups is greater in West and Central Africa than among the same groups in South Asia
question
What is least likely to be a direct determinant of health?
answer
Government policies
question
Which of the following is most likely to have the lowest life expectancy at birth?
answer
An aboriginal Australian female
question
What would you expect to happen to the incidence and prevalence of a disease if a new drug were discovered that prevented mortality from the disease but did not cure it?
answer
Incidence unchanged, prevalence increases
question
What would buy you the most health gained for the least cost?
answer
Childhood vaccination
question
Which country is most likely to have a "population pyramid," with a wide base and progressively tapering tip (triangle shaped)?
answer
Niger
question
Which one of the following is not considered private health spending?
answer
Social security system
question
The maternal mortality ratio is:
answer
The number of women who die as a result of pregnancy and childbirth complications per 100,000 live births in a given year
question
The numerator for neonatal mortality rate is:
answer
The number of deaths of infants under 28 days of age in a given year
question
Which statement about health expenditure and outcomes is false?
answer
Cuba spends a relatively high share of its GDP on health and has a low life expectancy.
question
The denominator for infant mortality rate is:
answer
1,000 live births in a given year
question
Which statement about health and maternal education is false?
answer
Studies in Philippines have shown that even better educated mothers were unable to keep their children healthy in locations without safe water supply.
question
Life expectancy at birth is:
answer
the average number of years a newborn could be expected.....
question
In which area would you expect to have the highest rates of contraception use?
answer
Urban East Asia and the Pacific
question
In which World Bank region would you expect the maternal mortality ratio to be the highest?
answer
Latin America and the Caribbean
question
What is the most important factor in the spread of TB from lower-income countries to higher-income countries?
answer
Immigration
question
Which country is considered low-income, according to the World Bank definition?
answer
Liberia
question
What is the most important milestone achieved in global health over the last 50 years?
answer
Decrease in the under-5 mortality rate to 48 per 1,000 children
question
Which of the following represents an upper-middle-income country according to the World Bank classification?
answer
Turkey
question
Which of the following was not a feature of smallpox?
answer
Diagnosis was made by laboratory testing since the rash was not distinct
question
Which of the following is not a Millennium Development Goal?
answer
Combat heart disease, diabetes, and other diseases
question
Which of the following is a Millennium Development Goal?
answer
Between 1990 and 2015, halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
question
A country with gross national income per capita of $1,000 is classified by the World Bank as a:
answer
Low-income country
*The book says low-middle-income country
question
Which statement about global health is false?
answer
Global health focuses on individual level clinical care
question
Which statement about the present status of global health is true?
answer
About 146,000 deaths occurred from measles globally in 2013
question
What doesn't represent international research ethics guidelines?
answer
Declaration of Alma Ata
question
Which of the following has a pluralistic health system?
answer
USA
question
Which service can be provided at a health center level?
answer
Directly observed therapy, short-course for TB
question
Assessing risks and benefits fulfills which ethical principle, as listed in the Belmont Report?
answer
Beneficence
question
Which country is most likely to have the highest private health expenditure as a percentage of the total health expenditure?
answer
Sudan
question
What is overwhelmingly true about Cuba?
answer
Health care is financed and delivered by the public sector
question
What is the approximate percentage of private out-of-pocket expenditure in India?
answer
80%
question
Which statement about informed consent is false?
answer
Minors can provide consent as long as they completely understand the risks and benefits of the study
question
Which of the following represents a human rights issue for patients with HIV/AIDS?
answer
All of the above
question
Paying women for three prenatal checks represents which RBF scheme?
answer
Conditional cash transfer
question
Which is not a health system building block according to WHO
framework?
answer
Social and financial risk protection
question
According to the four basic ethical principles of scarce resource allocation, which patient would you prioritize for treatment?
answer
20-year-old pregnant teacher with HIV living below the poverty line
question
All of the following all under the six conditions that a clinical research protocol must satisfy to be ethical, except:
answer
Written consent
question
What is least likely to be included in a primary healthcare package?
answer
Cardiac catheritazation
question
Which statement about the Tuskegee study is false?
answer
The Public Health Service allowed the participants to receive effective treatment when penicillin became widely available after WWII
question
Which statement about the French healthcare system is false?
answer
Health is regarded as a personal good
question
The proponent of the short-course AZT trials defended the study design by stating all of the following except:
answer
That using the 076 regimen as active control would most likely show that the short-course regimen was superior
question
Which statement about ancillary care is true?
answer
All of these are correct
question
What is the best strategy in the short to medium term to combat the acute shortage of doctors who can perform cesarean sections in a low-income country?
answer
Train nursing staff to perform cesarean sections
question
What does not represent ethical principles for allocation of scarce resources?
answer
Priority to the better off
question
Which approach is the most culturally appropriate and acceptable by the population in an indigenous village in the Andes?
answer
Provide services in local languages by providers from these villages
question
What is the correct progression of behavioral change, according to the stages of change model?
Which statement about the burden of disease from environmental factors is false?
answer
Most deaths attributable to outdoor air pollution occurs in adults less than 45 years of age.
question
Which disease is least likely to be attributed to poor sanitation, water, and hygiene?
answer
Colon cancer
question
Which of the following is not a model of behavioral change?
answer
Environmental model
question
What best represents a culturally-appropriate targeted intervention to promote exclusive breastfeeding in the Burundi case study context?
answer
Mobilization of community-based spiritual leaders to show support for exclusive breastfeeding among the people in their community
question
What does not represent one of the four Ps of social marketing?
answer
Presence of patent
question
Improved access to water for hygiene purposes would have the greatest impact on:
answer
Scabies
question
What is the most cost-effective intervention to improve health in a rural village in a country like Nepal?
answer
Constructing a community-based water system, along with promoting hygiene
question
What best defines water-washed transmission of infection?
answer
Person-to-person transmission because of a lack of water for hygiene
question
Based on experiences in China and India, in addition to providing improved stoves, what can be done to encourage uptake?
answer
All of these are correct.
question
What is the percentage of people worldwide with access to improved sanitation?
answer
60%
question
What is least likely to represent social and cultural barriers to polio vaccination in India?
answer
Poor sanitation
question
Which statement about social assessment is false?
answer
It focuses on the impact of the intervention and is not important in the implementation of monitoring and management programs.
question
According to the diffusion of innovations model, what is least likely to influence adopting behavioral change?
answer
Perceived ecological impact of the innovation
question
Which statement about indoor air pollution is true?
answer
Indoor air pollution can lead to a variety of respiratory problems.
question
What is not one of the top three environmental factors leading to disease in low- and middle-income countries?
answer
Unhealthy urban lifestyle
question
What was not a feature of the Oportunidades program in Mexico?
answer
Conditional cash transfers to all households in Mexico to improve nutritional status and health.
question
The Tamil Nadu Nutrition Project best represents:
answer
Community mobilization
question
What is least likely a potential barrier to using improved sanitation systems in low- and middle-income countries?
answer
Lack of NGO involvement
question
Which statement about the burden of cardiovascular disease is true?
answer
Ischemic heart disease is the largest cause of death in all regions
question
What is not a leading cause of death among adolescents in high-income countries?
answer
Lower respiratory infections
question
Where would you expect to find the highest prevalence of tobacco smoking among adults?
answer
Europe and Central Asia
question
Where would you expect to have diabetes contributing to the most DALYs in 2030, according to WHO projections?
answer
Lower-middle-income countries
question
Which WHO region has the highest percentage of adolescents who are current drinkers?
answer
Europe
question
Case fatality rate is:
answer
The proportion of people with a disease that die from the disease
question
Reducing the incidence of a disease in a specific area to zero is termed:
answer
Elimination
question
What is not a key intervention in controlling malaria in highly endemic regions of Africa?
answer
Outdoor residual spraying of insecticides
question
All of the following are emerging infectious diseases, except:
answer
Hepatitis B
question
Which measure would have the least impact on decreasing alcohol consumption in a low-income country?
answer
Education and counseling by healthcare providers
question
Which of the following statements about HIV/AID is false?
answer
Cambodia faces a generalized epidemic of HIV/AIDS.
question
Anxiety disorders are a leading cause of DALYs among:
answer
Females, ages 15-19
question
Which statement about the treatment and prevention of diabetes is true?
answer
Avoiding being overweight is the single most important way to prevent type II diabetes.
question
Key factors contributing to the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases include:
answer
All of these are correct.
question
Which measure would you prioritize to control tobacco use in Burkina Faso, assuming that no restrictions currently exist?
answer
Implement relatively high taxation of cigarettes
question
The three leading causes of deaths among adolescents globally are:
answer
Road injury, HIV/AIDS, and self-harm
question
What is the most cost-effective intervention to address neglected tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa?
answer
The rapid-impact package
question
Of the leading causes of DALYs for adolescents aged 10-14 years, which is not a leading cause for adolescents aged 15-19 years?
answer
Diarrheal disease and road injury
question
Which region has the lowest rates of high-risk drinking?
answer
Middle East and North Africa
question
High adolescent mortality in Africa is driven primarily by:
answer
HIV/AIDS
question
Early adolescence is defined as the period between:
answer
Ages 10 and 14
question
Mass chemotherapy can be administered for all of the following, except:
answer
Diphtheria
question
Of the leading causes of death for adolescents aged 15-19 years, which is not a leading cause for children aged 5-9 years?
answer
Self-harm and diarrheal disease
question
What are common mental health problems among adolescents?
answer
All of these are correct.
question
Which statement about the prevention and treatment of TB is false?
answer
The BCG vaccine is important in reducing the transmission of TB.
question
According to WHO, what is not fundamental to addressing mental health disorders?
answer
Increasing the budget for the national mental hospital
question
People who flee or are forced to migrate during a disaster and leave their homes but stay in the country in which they were living are called:
answer
Internally displaced persons
question
Which statement about the Global Fund is false?
answer
It is primarily a technical agency.
question
Which statement best applies to push mechanisms?
answer
Reduce risk and encourage product development through lowering the costs of product development, with a focus on research and development
question
Which statement about the Welcome Trust is true?
answer
It is a major funder of health research, and funds research only for the problems of high-income countries.
question
Which option best represents the ideal characteristics of drugs for use in low- and middle-income countries?
answer
Easy to transport and store, oral administration, heat stable, single dose
question
What is the theoretical foundation of several injury prevention and control efforts?
answer
Haddon's matrix
question
Which statement about WHO is false?
answer
It is a major financing agency for global health projects.
question
What is not a barrier to entry to vaccine manufacturing?
answer
The number of firms engaged in vaccine production worldwide is already large.
question
In which region would you expect to find the smallest contribution of road traffic injuries to total deaths?
answer
Europe and Central Asia
question
What is least likely to cause a negative health impact in a complex humanitarian emergency?
answer
Humanitarian assistance
question
Tiered pricing is:
answer
Charging different prices in different markets for the same product
question
Which of the following represents public-private partnerships for public health?
answer
All of these are correct.
question
Which statement about burns is true?
answer
Rural dwellers suffer burns at higher rates than urban dwellers.
question
Which United Nations agency is primarily involved in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS?
answer
UNAIDS
question
Which statement about unintentional injuries is true?
answer
The leading cause of DALYs lost from unintentional injuries is road traffic accidents.
question
The cause of mortality during a natural disaster is likely to be:
answer
All of these are correct.
question
Which statement about gender differences in the burden of unintentional injuries is false?
answer
Men are more likely to die from all six categories of unintentional injuries than women.
question
What is the most common cause of death among refugees?
answer
Diarrhea
question
What is a special challenge of expanding coverage of the HPV vaccine, compared to the six basic antigens of the EPI program?
answer
Providing to adolescents, who are not normally the target group for childhood immunization
question
Which of the following might be a lesson of experience from product development partnerships (PDPs), such as Aeras and the Human Hookworm Vaccine Initiative?
answer
All of these are correct.
question
What approach would you recommend that low- and middle-income countries take to prevent and control unintentional injuries?
answer
Carry out pilot projects based on what has worked in high-income countries, adapt to the local context, and expand more broadly with time.
question
Which of the following represents public-private partnerships for public health?
answer
All of these are correct.
question
Which of the following statements is true?
answer
Humanitarian workers have increasingly been the targets of those who are fighting in a conflict area.
question
The Haddon matrix models the interaction of all the following, except the
answer
Victim
question
Which statement about pull mechanisms is least likely?
answer
Examples of pull mechanisms are tax credits for research and development or handing over research findings to firms.
question
What would you do to ensure a safe and healthy environment for displaced people?
answer
All of these are correct.
question
UNITAID is largely financed by:
answer
Tax on the purchase of airplane tickets in donor countries
question
Which NGO is based in a low- and middle-income country?
answer
BRAC
question
The largest charitable foundation in the world is:
answer
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
question
Most important to deaths from unintentional injuries are:
answer
Road traffic injuries
question
Which risk factor for road traffic injuries is predominantly found in low- and middle-income countries, as opposed to high-income countries?
answer
All of these are correct.
question
Which statement regarding the burden of natural disasters is false?
answer
Ninety percent of deaths from volcanoes occur from the lava flow of volcanoes.
question
Which statement about obesity and overweight is false?
answer
Men have higher rates of obesity than women in all WHO regions.
question
What does not fall under "the three delays" of childbirth?
answer
Delay obtaining the services of a traditional birth attendant
question
As a country becomes healthier, what is most likely to happen regarding childhood mortality?
answer
Neonatal deaths account for a larger share of under-5 mortality
question
What is likely to be least related to the social determinants of health?
answer
Breast cancer
question
What is a potential complication of measles?
answer
All of these are correct.
question
Which deficiency is most likely to cause cognitive impairment?
answer
Iodine
question
Which statement about sexually transmitted infections in women is true?
answer
They can lead to still birth, chlamydia is nine times more prevalent in women than in men, and sub-Saharan Africa faces a disproportionately high share of morbidity and mortality from STIs.
question
Which statement about the burden of childhood illness in the under-5 age group is true?
answer
The rate of under-5 mortality in sub-Saharan Africa is about 15 times that in high-income countries.
question
Which intervention is most critical for preventing maternal mortality?
answer
Establishing emergency obstetric services
question
What is not among the three leading causes of under-5 mortality in sub-Saharan Africa?
answer
Preterm birth complications
question
What is the most cost-effective approach to combating iodine deficiency?
answer
Salt fortification
question
Which statement about maternal mortality is false?
answer
The lifetime risk of dying a maternal death is the highest in South Asia.
question
The window of opportunity for ensuring proper growth and development of children closes at the age of:
answer
2 years
question
Which statement about sex-selective abortion is true?
answer
It results in a skewed sex ratio.
question
What is the most cost-effective intervention in low-resource settings to treat diarrhea and prevent its complications and mortality?
answer
Oral rehydration therapy
question
What causes the most neonatal deaths globally?
answer
Preterm birth complications
question
Which statement about nutrition is false?
answer
Nutritional deficits in children under 2 years old can generally be overcome in later life by nutritional supplementation.
question
Which statement about female genital mutilation is false?
answer
The practice has shown increasing prevalence over time.
question
What are the global top three causes of under-5 mortality?
