Which of the following types of magma has the highest viscosity?
question
the amount of gas in the magma
answer
In addition to viscosity, which of the following parameters has an influence on whether a volcanic eruption will be violent or effusive?
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basaltic
answer
Which of the following types of lava will most likely lead to a volcanic eruption of an effusive nature?
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Violent and explosive
answer
The subduction of oceanic crust under continental crust predominantly produces which kind of volcanic eruption?
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quiet and effusive
answer
A hot spot that occurs in oceanic crust is likely to produce which of the following types of eruptions?
question
basaltic
answer
In which of the following lava types would you expect to see the development of pahoehoe?
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rhyolitic
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In which of the following lava types would you expect to find the greatest percentage of gases?
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rhyolitic
answer
In which of the following types of lavas would you expect to find the greatest production of pyroclastic material?
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bombs
answer
What do we call pyroclastic material, ejected during a volcanic eruption, composed of incandescent lava that is greater than 64 millimeters (2.5 inches) in diameter?
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water vapor
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Which of the following gases is most abundant in basaltic lavas?
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subduction of an oceanic plate under a continental plate
answer
At which of the following tectonic settings would you expect to find volcanoes producing the highest volumes of pyroclastic material?
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mantle plumes
answer
At which of the following tectonic settings would you expect to find volcanoes producing significant amounts of very fluid, high-temperature lavas?
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composite volcanoes
answer
Which of the following volcanic forms best describes large, nearly symmetrical structures composed of interbedded lavas and pyroclastic material primarily deposited from a central vent?
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cinder cones
answer
Which of the following volcanic types typically produces small, steep-sided structures composed of pyroclastic material?
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lahars
answer
What do we call mudflows produced by the melting of snow and glaciers on composite volcanoes?
question
mantle plumes
answer
At which type of tectonic setting would you expect the development of shield volcanoes?
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an oceanic plate subducted beneath a continental plate
answer
At which type of tectonic setting would you expect the development of composite volcanoes?
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trapped gas bubbles
answer
What causes vesicles to form in lava?
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Aa lava has a prickly texture; pahoehoe has a smooth, ropy texture.
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What is the difference between aa lava and pahoehoe lava?
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Cinder cones are smaller than composite and shield volcanoes.
answer
What is one way that cinder cones differ from composite and shield volcanoes?
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Basaltic lava is thicker than andesitic lava.
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Which one of the following statements is NOT true about andesite and basalt?
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volcanism
answer
What geologic process is related to caldera formation?
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Calderas form when the summit of a volcano collapses.
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How do calderas form?
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The eruption was so large that the magma chamber under Crater Lake partially emptied, causing the volcano to become unstable and collapse
answer
In addition to rock deposits, what evidence do we have that the eruption that preceded the formation of Crater Lake was very large?
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The volcano is still active, and a new volcanic peak has formed.
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Why does Crater Lake have an island in it?
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volcanism caused by convergent oceanic-oceanic boundaries, volcanism caused by convergent oceanic-continental boundaries
answer
What type of volcanism characterizes the ring of fire?
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divergent oceanic-oceanic
answer
What type of boundary is present along the eastern boundary of the North American plate?
question
oceanic hot spot
answer
At what tectonic setting is Hawaii located?
question
decompression melting
answer
What drives melting at divergent boundaries?
question
transform boundary
answer
Which of the following tectonic settings does NOT produce volcanism?
question
Flood basalts form as a result of an eruption above a mantle plume.
answer
Which of the following best describe how flood basalts form?
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Kaua'i
answer
Below is an image of the island of Hawaii. Kilauea, located on the Big Island, is a currently erupting volcano. Which of the following islands is the oldest?
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the outer core-mantle boundary
shallow locations within the mantle
answer
From where do scientists think that mantle plumes originate?
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Localized areas of volcanic activity not associated with plate boundaries.
answer
Hot spots are best described as which of the following?
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Continental rifts, continental arcs, island arcs, mantle plumes
answer
Which of the following are common tectonic settings associated with volcanic activity?
question
Eastern Africa rift valley
answer
Which of the following is a present-day example of a continental rift?
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New ocean basin
answer
Which of the following often forms after continental rifting?
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On the overriding plate near a subduction zone
answer
Where are continental volcanic arcs found?
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Arc magmas are more viscous than rift magmas
answer
How are continental rift magmas and continental arc magmas different?
question
Both are formed near subduction zones
answer
How are island arc and continental arc magmas similar?
question
Mariana Islands
Aleutian Islands
answer
Which of the following are examples of modern-day island arcs?
question
A circular column of magma that rises from deep within Earth
answer
What is a mantle plume?
question
Hawaiian Islands
answer
Which of the following is an example of modern-day mantle plume volcanism?
question
shape and type of deposits
answer
What information do geologists use to classify volcanoes?
question
Pyroclastic deposits
answer
Cinder cones are made of________.
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once
answer
In general, how often do most cinder cones erupt?
question
Basalt flows
answer
What are shield volcanoes generally made of?
question
300-10,000
answer
What is the range of shield volcano height?
question
Basalt flows, pryroclastic volcanos
answer
What are composite volcanoes made of?
question
The lava that flows out of shield volcanoes is more fluid than the lava that flows out of composite volcanoes.
answer
Why are shield volcanoes wider than composite volcanoes?
question
felsic magma
answer
What type of magma erupts out of dome complexes?
question
shield volcanoes
answer
What type of volcanoes are the highest?
question
500 to 2,000 meters
answer
What is the range of dome complex height?
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