Geology Test 3. Ch 6

24 July 2022
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question
Clay minerals formed from gabbro or diorite bedrock illustrate which kind of weathering?
answer
chemical
question
Which of the following is/are most susceptible to chemical weathering by dissolution?
answer
calcite
question
Frost wedging is the major weathering process contributing to the formation of which regolith material?
answer
talus slopes
question
What portion of an angular, fracture-bounded granitic block shows the highest rate of weathering?
answer
the edges and corners
question
Which of the following describes a characteristic process in the formation of a pedalfer soil?
answer
iron oxides and aluminum-rich clays are precipitated in the B-horizon
question
Which of the following statements about acidic precipitation is likely to be false?
answer
lowered taxes and relaxed governmental regulations will result in more private and public sector spending to reduce emissions of acid-forming gases to the atmosphere
question
Clay minerals, silica (SiO2), and dissolved potassium bicarbonate in the soil water are products of which process?
answer
chemical weathering of orthoclase feldspar
question
What two factors speed up rates of chemical reaction and weathering in rocks and soils?
answer
warm temperatures; very moist
question
The finely divided, red, brown, and yellow soil-coloring minerals originate by what process?
answer
precipitation of iron oxides during the chemical weathering process
question
Which one of the following is an important, mechanical weathering process for enlarging fractures and extending them deeper into large boulders and bedrock?
answer
frost wedging
question
Which of the following best describes sets of fractures in relatively fresh bedrock, such as granite, that are roughly parallel to the land surface?
answer
sheeting fractures
question
What two, chemical constituents cannot form by chemical weathering of the feldspar minerals?
answer
insoluble iron oxides and soluble magnesium bicarbonates
question
Under similar warm, moist climatic conditions, why would basalt and gabbro generally have higher chemical weathering rates than rhyolite and granite?
answer
the ferromagnesian minerals in the gabbro and basalt are subject to oxidation and chemical breakdown
question
Which one of the following statements concerning mechanical weathering is not true?
answer
involves a major change in the mineral composition of the weathered material
question
Which term best describes those processes that move weathered rock materials and soils downslope?
answer
mass wasting
question
Which one of the following statements best describes erosion?
answer
the process by which weathered rock and mineral particles are removed from one area and transported elsewhere
question
Assume that water filling a crack in a rock undergoes cycles of freezing and melting. Which of the following statement is true?
answer
water expands as it freezes, causing the crack walls to be pushed apart
question
water expands as it freezes, causing the crack walls to be pushed apart
answer
in moist, temperate climates