Smaller subsidiary channels that feed main channels of rivers are called:
answer
tributaries
question
Which of the features on this aerial photograph is a cutbank?
answer
B
question
What happens to the erosive power of a stream as velocity increases?
answer
Erosion increases
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Which particles of sediment are most likely to be transported as suspended load?
answer
small, low density particles
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At which site along this stream would a point bar form?
answer
b
question
A depositional feature that has been deposited on the inside of a curve because of lower velocity is known as a:
answer
point bar
question
What is a floodplain?
answer
A broad strip of land built up by sedimentation on either side of a stream channel. Covered with water during a flood.
question
Which of the following sediment sizes is likely to be transported mostly on the bottom of the stream bed?
answer
pebbles and cobbles
question
What type of stream is shown in this figure?
answer
meandering stream
question
How is an alluvial fan formed?
answer
sediment is deposited by debris flows and streams that decrease in velocity along the mountain front
question
Which of the following is a condition favoring deposition of sediment?
answer
a decrease in gradient of the stream
question
This figure shows four numbered river terraces, with 1 being the highest and 4 being the lowest. Which is the youngest terrace?
answer
4
question
The percentage of the Earth's surface that is covered by water is about:
answer
70%.
question
A delta that has islands reworked by waves on the seaward side, such as the Nile delta, is typically formed as in a(n) ____-dominated delta.
answer
wave
question
A delta with long fingerlike sand bodies, each deposited in a distributary channel that progrades far seaward, such as the Mississippi River, is typically formed as in a(n) ____-dominated delta.
answer
stream
question
The percentage of Earth's water that is in the oceans is:
answer
97%.
question
What type of stream is shown in this photograph?
answer
braided stream
question
Which of the following is the main reason that a delta forms when a stream flows into a lake or sea?
answer
the velocity of the stream decreases
question
Soluble materials in flowing water can be removed and transported by a process called:
answer
dissolution
question
Which of the features on this aerial photograph is an oxbow lake?
answer
c
question
The Dakota Sandstone is threatened primarily by:
answer
extensive use
question
The water table is the:
answer
top of the zone of saturation
question
The average rate of groundwater flow is:
answer
a few centimeters per day
question
A part of a stream that receives water from the inflow of ground water is called a:
answer
gaining stream
question
Conditions needed for the development of karst topography include:
answer
humid climate AND carbonate bedrock at a shallow depth.
question
The general term for deposits of calcite and/or aragonite within caves is:
answer
dripstone.
question
Which of the following is true about the water table?
answer
The water table has a similar shape to topography but is more subdued.
question
The permeability of a material refers to:
answer
the ability of water to flow through a material
question
This cross section shows the location of 5 wells and the water table? Which well is most likely to be an artesian well?
answer
well E
question
The area of subsurface where the pore spaces are filled with water is called the
answer
saturated zone
question
This cross section shows the location of a septic tank with harmful bacteria and 5 wells. Which well is least likely to become contaminated?
answer
well E
question
Which of the following materials probably has the lowest permeability?
answer
compacted clay with abundant tiny pore spaces
question
A cone of depression can form if:
answer
groundwater is overpumped from an aquifer
question
What could happen if this well is overpumped?
answer
the bottom of the lens of fresh water will rise, causing the well to draw in salt water
question
A spring is a place where water flows naturally from rock
answer
onto the land surface
question
The zone of saturation extends to an indefinite depth.
answer
False
question
A poorly sorted porous rock/sediment is as permeable as a well-sorted porous rock/sediment.
answer
False
question
Subsidence can occur as the result of extraction of oil.
answer
True
question
In developed countries, toxic wastes are disposed of safely and properly.
answer
False
question
Rocks such as limestone and granite cannot be groundwater reservoirs.
answer
False
question
What happens to snowflakes as they become progressively buried within glaciers?
answer
they become crystals of ice
question
What does a terminal moraine represent?
answer
a pile of sediment deposited at the end of the glacier
question
Straight scratches on rock surfaces created by glacial abrasion are known as:
answer
glacial striations
question
What feature will be formed by the sediment carried along the sides of this glacier?
answer
lateral moraine
question
The present-day tilt of Earth's axis of rotation is 23.5º degrees. What would be the result of more tilt, as shown here?
answer
24.5 - Axis of Rotation - Answer is all of these.
:high latitudes would receive more direct sunlight, causing warmer summer
an increase in the effects of the seasons
a decrease in glacial activity
all of these
question
he present-day tilt of Earth's axis of rotation is 23.5º. What would be the result of less tilt, as shown here?
answer
22.5 - high latitudes would receive less direct sunlight during the summer, causing cooler temperatures
question
The Pleistocene Ice Age ended:
answer
10,000 years ago.
question
The largest existing glacier is located in:
answer
Antarctica
question
What type of moraine is formed by the merging of two lateral moraines at a junction of two valley glaciers?
answer
medial
question
What does this curved ridge (esker) record?
answer
meltwater channels below or within a glacier
question
Which of the following is NOT a way glaciers move downhill?
answer
the lower part of a glacier flows faster than the upper part
question
The reason that Earth is now closest to the Sun in January, but will be closest in July in 11,000 years, is
answer
precession of the equinoxes.
question
Short-term climatic events, such as the Little Ice Age, may be caused by:
answer
No one really knows.
question
Which of the following best describes what would happen if the glacial budget is out of balance, with ablation exceeding accumulation?
answer
The glacier will retreat.
question
Which best describes the difference between an end moraine and a ground moraine?
answer
Ground moraines form while the glacier is retreating, and end moraines form while it is stationary.
question
The Little Ice Age ended in the mid- to late-1800s.
answer
True
question
The terms glacier and permanent snowfield are synonymous.
answer
False
question
Kames are long, sinuous ridges of stratified drift, which may meander and have tributaries.
answer
True
question
If the firn limit on a glacier does not change from year to year, the glacier has a balanced snow budget.
answer
True
question
An arête is a narrow, serrated ridge between two glacial valleys or adjacent cirques.
answer
True
question
Glaciers are geologically important because they erode, transport, and deposit so much material.
answer
True
question
The terms valley glacier and mountain glacier are synonymous.
answer
True
question
The terms continental glacier and ice sheet are synonymous.
answer
True
question
There is good evidence that variation in solar energy, as evinced by sunspot activity cycles, is responsible for short-term climatic variations.
answer
False
question
How could changes in Earth's tilt influence global climate?
answer
A minimum angle of tilt causes high latitudes to receive less sunlight during the summer, causing an increase in glaciers.
question
Today, which land area in the Northern Hemisphere is largely covered by an ice sheet?
answer
Greenland
question
Which of the following statements about glacial movement is correct?
answer
Ice movement is fastest in the top center of the glacier.
question
Till is:
answer
neither sorted nor stratified
question
What carved this U-shaped valley
answer
glacier
question
____ are glacier-cut valleys that flooded as sea level rose in post-glacial times.
answer
Fjords
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