Geology Exam 1 Answers

Which layer in the earth is similar in composition to basalt, a dark lava rock? oceanic crust

The principle of isostacy refers to:

Which of the following is a principle to interpret relative ages?

Which type of map or diagram would best indicate elevation of the land surface?

the scientific process states that

Which of the following best explains what a contour line is?

Mid-ocean ridges are higher than surrounding oceanic crust primarily because:

When a plate boundary changes its orientation, it can change from: A. a spreading center to a transform fault B. a transform fault to a spreading center C. a transform fault to a subduction zone D. all of these E. none of these

deformation and metamorphism is part of?

According to the rock cycle, sediment that is being transported by a river could become a metamorphic rock after:

Of Earth's four overlapping spheres, which of the following does NOT involve material above Earth's surface?

This volcano is relatively small and composed of volcanic cinders. What kind of volcano is it?

This relatively large, symmetrical volcano contains interlayered lava flow, pyroclastic deposits, and volcanic mudflows. What kind of volcano is it?

california has two types of plate boundaries associated with its geology they are

What kind of boundary is most likely to have volcanoes and earthquakes associated with it?

Which of following is not consider a plate boundary

which of the following is NOT a mineral?

a mineral property that can be observed without using a test is:

loaning of atoms reflects what type of bonding?

The most important class of rock-forming minerals on earth is

What causes a water molecule to be polar?

Vertical intrusions of magma in the crust are called

Coarsely crystalline igneous textures indicate that:

Which of the following igneous rocks would be formed by the fastest cooling?

Which of the following would be considered a shield volcano?

A hot spot is interpreted to have formed from:

which of the following features is associated with a subduction zones?

Why does the Tibetan Plateau, shown in this figure, have a high elevation?

Divergent Plate Boundary

A lava solidifies into nonvesicular basalt instead of vesicular basalt because:

Hazards associated with basaltic lava flows and eruptions are:

composite volcanoes are so called because

The most dangerous type of volcano is a?

Which numbered feature in this figure is the oldest?

Which layer in the earth is similar in composition to basalt, a dark lava rock?

Which of the following features is associated with a deep oceanic trench?

A divergent plate boundary is most likely associated with a:

The stages associated with continental rifting are, in order from earliest to latest

When a plate boundary changes its orientation, it can change from: A. a spreading center to a transform fault B. a transform fault to a spreading center C. a transform fault to a subduction zone D. all of these

What are 2 main ways that minerals are put together in rocks?

What type of cleavage is illustrated in this figure?

which of the following largely determines an atom's atomic weight?

Moh's Hardness Scale ranges from : 1. Talc 2. Gypsum 3. _______ 4. fluorite 5. apatite 6. Orthoclase 7. _______ 8. Topaz 9. corundum 10. Diamond

What is an isotope?

Which of the following is the best example of heat transfer by conduction?

What generally happens when subduction-derived magma encounters thick continental crust?

Which of the following are ways that viscosity affects gases in magma?

Which of the following are differences between an eruption column and pyroclastic flow? Which of the following are differences between an eruption column and pyroclastic flow? A pyroclastic flow forms when the gas flux cannot support the column

Sediments with a large amount of sand are most likely at: A. mountains at A and glaciers at B B. glaciers at B and braided river at C D. braided river at C and delta at D E. delta at D and lake at E

Which of the following is a common metamorphic process? A. deforming objects into new shapes B. rotation of minerals into a common orientation C. remobilization of chemical constituents into light and dark bands D. dissolving some parts of the rock and carrying the material away E. all of these

in what environment does high pressure-low temperature metamorphism occur?

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Which of the following sediment sizes is likely to be transported mostly on the bottom of the stream bed? a) fine sand b) sticky clay particles c) pebbles and cobbles d) dissolved materials

46. Which of the following would cause sea level to rise? a) a decrease in the amount of glaciers on land b) faster rates of seafloor spreading c) a rise in the temperature of the oceans d) all of the above e) a and b only

45. Which of the following most likely indicates that sea level has fallen relative to the land? a) offshore sand bars that have become coastal dunes b) the presence of coral reefs on land c) wave-cut notches and platforms that are above sea level d) marine terraces e) all of the above

44. Which of the following parts of a shoreline is more likely to experience intense erosion? a) a straight part of the shoreline b) a gently curved part of the shoreline c) areas within a bay d) the seaward end of a promontory

43. Which of the following is true about how waves form and break upon the shore? a) most waves form from upwelling of deep waters b) waves get smaller as wind speed increases c) waves begin to change when they reach water shallower than wave base d) waves break in a counterclockwise direction because of rotation of the Earth e) none of the above

40. The ocean current known as the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean is a: a) warm current flowing north from the equator b) cold current flowing north from the equator c) warm equatorial current flowing east into the Gulf of Mexico d) deep-ocean current that controls fish abundances in the southern hemisphere e) none of the above

37. Which of the following energy sources drives the hydrologic cycle? a) internal heat energy b) river flow c) wind energy d) solar energy e) gravity

35. Which of the following is true about how contamination moves in groundwater? a) contamination moves up the slope of groundwater b) contamination moves opposite to the direction of groundwater flow c) contamination introduced into the ground does not move d) contamination spreads out as it moves, forming a widening plume

33. Which of the following is a common setting for a spring? a) the water table intersects the surface b) a permeable rock overlies a less permeable one c) sedimentary rocks overlie crystalline rocks along an unconformity d) all of the above e) none of the above

31. Which of the following can influence a river's profile? a) a rise in sea level b) a fall in sea level c) tectonics d) all of the above

30. Which of the following is true about the water table? a) the water table has a similar shape to topography but is more subdued b) the water table is highest in elevation beneath lakes c) in any area, the water table slopes a consistent amount and direction d) all of the above e) none of the above

29. Which of the following materials has high porosity and high permeability? a) fractured granite b) well-sorted gravel c) compacted clay d) uncompacted clay e) poorly sorted sand, silt, and clay

26. Which of the following landscape features is NOT common in deserts? a) alluvial fan b) playa c) rock varnish d) dry wash e) all of the above are common in deserts

25. Which of the following materials probably has the lowest porosity? a) well sorted, fine-grained sediment b) well sorted, coarse-grained sediment c) unfractured granite d) sand with well-rounded grains

21. What are some effects of building a dam?

16. What is the most important data for studying the potential for flooding along a river?

13. Which of the following is true about how a stream erodes material? a) abrasion is concentrated on the upstream side of obstructions b) turbulence of the water is less important than the temperature, which affects viscosity c) erosion occurs equally on two sides of a bend d) water cannot erode unless it is carrying sediment e) all of the above

43. Which of the following is true about how waves form and break upon the shore? a) most waves form from upwelling of deep waters b) waves get smaller as wind speed increases c) waves begin to change when they reach water shallower than wave base d) waves break in a counterclockwise direction because of rotation of the Earth e) none of the above