Geography Exam 2 Questions

Which of these numbered features contains most of Earth's water? 1 Oceans 2 Atmosphere 3 Glaciers and ice sheets 4 Groundwater 5 Lakes

Which of the following variables would be used to estimate potential evapotranspiration? Temperature and precipitation Precipitation and evaporation Temperature and latitude Wind speed and latitude

Of the following choices, the best indicator of drought is soil-water use. soil-water recharge. height of the saturated zone. deficit.

Which source of drinking water is most likely to be pure and safe to drink? spring water bottled spring water river water municipal water

The permeability of a material refers to the volume of air space in a material. a meandering stream's movement across the underlying bedrock. the ease with which a stream erodes material. the ability of water to flow through a material.

How did this cone of depression in the groundwater form? An artesian spring flowed upward on all sides. The earth's rotation causes groundwater to twirl in a counterclockwise direction. Groundwater is pumped from the well faster than it can flow to replenish what is lost. Clay horizons cause perched water to flow away from a central point.

Which of the following can be caused by overpumping of groundwater? Land subsidence A change in the flow direction The destruction of an aquifer All of these can be caused by overpumping.

What is a possible consequence of overpumping of groundwater? Inflation of the aquifer due to an increase in porosity Flooding due to rising groundwater levels Along the coast, pulling saltwater into wells that were previously fresh All of these are correct.

Which of the following is not a possible source of water contamination? Dry cleaners Farms Rocks that have been mineralized by natural processes but not mined Houses All of these are possible sources of contamination.

Which of the following is not one of the main families of rocks? Sedimentary Igneous Metamorphic Meteorites

Which of the following is not an environment in which an igneous rock forms? Explosive eruption of volcanic ash Cooling and solidification of lava Solidification of magma at depth Intense squeezing from tectonic forces

Uplift can occur during the rock cycle only after deformation and metamorphism. only after melting and solidification. only after metamorphism or solidification. at any point after burial.

A finely crystalline or glassy igneous texture indicates that there was a lot of gas in the magma. the rock cooled quickly. the rock broke apart as it flowed. the rock cooled slowly. the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.

Which of the following processes is not considered to be chemical weathering? Multiple Choice Dissolution Thermal expansion Oxidation Hydrolysis Reaction with acids from decaying plants

Which of the following processes is not considered physical weathering? Multiple Choice Near-surface fracturing Incorrect Frost wedging Prying by plant roots Thermal expansion Oxidation

The relationship between weathering and erosion can best be characterized as Multiple Choice weathering must happen before erosion can occur. weathering loosens material before erosion carries away, but erosion can also scour and move unweathered material. weathering must happen once erosion has moved material. weathering loosens material after erosion has carried it away, but erosion can also scour and move unweathered material.

Which of the four sedimentary layers in this figure is the oldest? Multiple Choice The layer on top The layers in the middle The layer on bottom There is not enough information to tell.

The principle used to determine the age of rocks by ordering them from oldest on the bottom to the youngest on the top is called the principle of Multiple Choice superposition. crosscutting. inclusions. unconformities.

If a rock started with 1,000 atoms of a parent but now contains 250 atoms, how many half-lives have passed? Multiple Choice 0.25 half-lives 0.5 half-lives 2 half-lives 4 half-lives

Why does the Tibetan Plateau, shown in this figure, have a high elevation? Transform faulting Seafloor spreading Continental rifting Continental collision Hot-spot activity

The most voluminous layer of Earth is the Multiple Choice crust. mantle. outer core. inner core.

Which data were used to develop the hypothesis of continental drift? Multiple Choice The shape of the continents The distribution of fossils The distribution of glacial deposits and directions of glacial scratch marks All of these are correct.

A divergent plate boundary is most likely associated with a(n) oceanic trench. mountain belt or island arc. midocean ridge. None of these are correct.

What type of plate boundary is depicted by the smaller arrows in the center of this figure? Multiple Choice Divergent boundary Convergent boundary Transform boundary Hot spot None of these are correct.

Hot spots form linear island chains because the plate moves relative to the underlying hot spot. they are aligned with trenches formed by subduction. they occur along the midoceanic ridges.

This figure depicts what type of boundary? Oceanic divergent boundary Ocean-ocean convergent boundary Ocean-continent convergent boundary Transform boundary Continental collision

A force that is important in driving plate tectonics is Multiple Choice slab pull. ridge push. upwelling mantle, such as in hot spots. All of these are correct.

This relatively large, symmetrical volcano contains interlayered lava flow, pyroclastic deposits, and volcanic mudflows. What kind of volcano is it? Cinder cone Shield volcano Composite volcano Volcanic dome Caldera

A broad and low volcano composed of basaltic lava flows is likely to be a Multiple Choice cinder cone. shield volcano. composite volcano. volcanic dome. caldera.

Huge circular depressions from which volcanoes erupt are called Multiple Choice calderas. fissures. cones.

Which of the following are ways that viscosity affects gases in magma? Multiple Choice Viscous magma prevents gas from escaping easily. Abundant silica chains in viscous magma allow gas to pass quickly through the magma. Less viscous magma allows gas to escape, which can lead to very explosive eruptions. All of these are correct.

Fractures along which the rock has slipped relative to the other side are called faults. cracks. joints. beds.

The type of stress that causes most folding is tension. compression. confining pressure. fluid pressure.

What do the two stars near the center of this block represent? They represent the location of the earthquake. The star at depth is the place where the earthquake is generated. The star at depth is the hypocenter. The star on the surface is the epicenter. all of these are correct

Shaking during an earthquake can liquefy unconsolidated sediments, causing destruction of buildings on top of them. generate a tsunami. trigger landslides. cause rigid buildings to collapse. All of these are correct.

Which of the following cannot be caused by overpumping of ground water? A cone of depression Subsidence and compaction of the aquifer A change in the direction of groundwater flow Bringing contamination into previously uncontained wells -All of these are possible consequences of overpumping.

A finely crystalline or glassy igneous texture indicates that there was a lot of gas in the magma. the rock cooled quickly. the rock broke apart as it flowed. the rock cooled slowly. the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.

which of the following is not considered physical weathering Near-surface fracturing Frost wedging Prying by plant roots Thermal expansion Oxidation

The relationship between weathering and erosion can best be characterized as weathering must happen before erosion can occur. -weathering loosens material before erosion carries away, but erosion can also scour and move unweathered material. weathering must happen once erosion has moved material. weathering loosens material after erosion has carried it away, but erosion can also scour and move unweathered material.

Which of the four sedimentary layers in this figure is the oldest? The layer on top The layers in the middle The layer on bottom There is not enough information to tell.

Oceanic crust is Multiple Choice thinner and less dense than continental crust. thinner and denser than continental crust. thicker and less dense than continental crust. thicker and denser than continental crust.

what ideas brought a renewed interest to the idea of continental drift? Multiple Choice Data that a submarine mountain occurred beneath the middle of the Atlantic Ocean Evidence that the entire Earth was once frozen Evidence that similar meteorites fall on different continents Evidence that a large meteorite caused extinction of the dinosaurs

The hypothesis of continental drift was not widely accepted because Multiple Choice the hypothesis required that the entire Earth was once frozen. the hypothesis required long, narrow land bridges that did not exist. there was no mechanism to move continents through the oceanic crust. All of these were reasons the hypothesis was not widely accepted.

This volcano is broad and low, and is composed of basaltic lava flows. What kind of volcano is it? Cinder cone Shield volcano Composite volcano Volcanic dome Caldera

Composite volcanoes are so called because they are a combination of shield volcanoes, cinder cones, and other volcanoes. have many different types of geologic hazards. were first discovered on the island of Composita in Italy. are composed of lava flows, pyroclastic material, and mudflows. None of these are correct.

This volcano is relatively small and composed of volcanic cinders. What kind of volcano is it? Cinder cone Shield volcano Composite volcano Volcanic dome Caldera

Which of the following are erupted by volcanoes? Multiple Choice Lava Ash Pumice All of these are correct.

Which of the following are forms of differential stress? Multiple Choice Compression Shear Tension All of these are forms of differential stress.

A fold in which rock layers warp up in the shape of an A is a(n) anticline. syncline. Monocline.