Geograph Exam 4

25 July 2022
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The portion of Earth's hydrosphere that is perennially frozen is the
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cryosphere
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The lowest elevation where snow can survive throughout the year is the
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snowline
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A cirque is an erosional landform associated with
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alpine glacier
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The formation time of glacial ice typically varies between
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a few years to 1,000
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Terminal moraines usually form
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at the lowest limit of an alpine glaciers extent
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Terminal moraines are
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depositional landforms
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Cracks in a glacier that result from friction between the ice and the surrounding landscapes are
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crevases
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Serrated ridges formed by erosion in glaciated mountains are
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aretes
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A streamlined hill comprised of glacial till is a-
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drumlin
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Permafrost forms when
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soil temperatures remain below freezing for more than two years
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During the Pleistocene Epoch, continental glaciers in north America reached thickness of
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3,000 meters
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18,000 years ago
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sea surface temperatures were approximately three degrees F colder than today, se levels were 100 m lower than today, a continental glacier covered most of Canada, Pleistocene glaciers reached their maximum extent
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The primary cause of glacial-interglacial cycles is
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Milankovitch cycles
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Given ideal circumstances, which location would take the least amount of time to form glacial ice?
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Pacific NW in US
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For an alpine glacier to advance, snow accumulation must exceed
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ablation
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Glaciers mechanically erode the landscape by picking up rock material and carrying it away. This process is called
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plucking
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Glaciers usually flow at predictable speeds, but when they do advance rapidly, it is called a
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glacial surge
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A drumlin is
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a continental depositional feature
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A pyramidal peak in mountains formed by glacial abrasion is
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horn
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A stream flowing under a continental glacier can produce a feature called
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esker
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Ice can cause vertical movement of soil and rocks through
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frost heaving
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The surface layer of permafrost
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thaws in the summer
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The Pleistocene epoch began about
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2.5 million years ago
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Meltponds in Greenland have ____ creating ____
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increased 400 percent/a positive feedback loop
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About half of the global carbon pool is contained in
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permafrost
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Which of the following is true?
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The artics annual temps are above 5 degrees Celsius (9 degrees Fahrenheit) above normal
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Which of the following is not true?
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The cryosphere compromises only a small but very important component of earths freshwater resources
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Approximately, what percentage of the Earth's freshwater is frozen?
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75%
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Glacial ice is
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formed from continual accumulation of snow that recrystallizes under its own weight into an ice mass over a period of many years
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Vatnajökull is the largest and most voluminous Icelandic glacier. It is roughly circular in shape, overlays several volcanoes and covers an area of 8,100 km2 (3,100 mi2) with an average thickness of 400 m (1,300 feet). This is an example of
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an ice cap
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The accumulation zone of a glacier ends at the ___, which marks the elevation above which the winter snow and ice remained intact throughout the summer.
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firn line