GEOG1113 Chapter 13

25 July 2022
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35 test answers
question
Which of the following is true about how a stream erodes material?
answer
abrasion is concentrated on the upstream side of obstructions
question
If a stream drops 15 meters in 15 kilometers, what is its gradient?
answer
1 meter per kilometer
question
This plot shows the highest flow event that occurred each year on the Yellowstone River between 1924 and the 1990s. What is the maximum size of flood that probably can occur here?
answer
more than 9000 cubic meters per second is possible
question
How is an alluvial fan formed?
answer
sediment is deposited by debris flows and streams that decrease in velocity along the mountain front
question
Which of the following is the most common cause of river and stream flooding?
answer
intense precipitation
question
Which of the following accompanies urbanization (replacing farms and open areas with cities)?
answer
runoff occurs more quickly and produces higher peak flow
question
What does a profile of a river from its headwaters to its mouth typically show?
answer
a flattened shape that flattens out downstream
question
Which of the features on this aerial photograph is an oxbow lake?
answer
C
question
What is the mostly likely setting for this drainage pattern?
answer
the rocks have relatively equal resistance to erosion
question
Where do mountain streams get most of their load of sediment?
answer
Landslides, slope failures, and erosion of the mountain sides
question
When water in a stream or desert wash decreases in velocity, sediment that the stream carries can be deposited in
answer
a delta an alluvial fan a floodplain - ALL ARE CORRECT
question
Which of the following sediment sizes is likely to be transported mostly on the bottom of the stream bed?
answer
Pebbles and cobbles
question
How did the entrenched meanders shown in this figure form?
answer
a meandering river carved into the land due to uplift or falling base level
question
Which of the features on this aerial photograph represents the former position of a meander?
answer
C
question
This figure shows four numbered river terraces, with 1 being the highest and 4 being the lowest. Which is the youngest terrace?
answer
4
question
What is a stream's discharge rate if it has a width of 10 meters, a depth of 2 meters, and a velocity of 2 meters per second?
answer
40 cubic meters per second
question
What is a reasonable interpretation for the flow event recorded by this hydrograph?
answer
The drainage basin has several distinct parts
question
Which of the following can have a significant effect on a river?
answer
rises and drops in sea level tectonic types of bedrock in the rivers changes in climate - ALL ARE CORRECT
question
Which of the following is true about the base level of a stream?
answer
MOST STREAMS HAVE LOWER GRADIENT CLOSE TO THEIR BASE LEVEL
question
What type of stream is shown in this figure?
answer
meandering stream
question
The type of feature shown in this figure is
answer
entrenched meanders
question
Which of the following is not true about braided streams?
answer
these streams form where the sediment is plentiful and dominated y clay and silt
question
Which of the following is true of a 100-year flood?
answer
The probability of a 100-year flood occuring on any given year is 1:100
question
At what two stream profiles would overall stream velocity be greatest at the center of the profile?
answer
B and D
question
Which of the following features is most related to erosion along a low-gradient stream?
answer
point bar floodplain levee - NONE ARE CORRECT
question
Construction of a dam results in
answer
increase erosion by clear water released from the dam
question
Compared with curve 2 on this hydrograph, what is a possible explanation for curve 1?
answer
the basin for curve 1 has steeper slopes than the basin for curve 2 the storm recorded y curve 1 was shorter and more intense than the storm represented by curve 2 cure 1 shows the same area as curve 2 but after urbanization - ALL ARE CORRECT
question
What could cause a canyon to be deeper upstream than downstream?
answer
the area upstream could be uplifted more than areas down stream the area upstream is higher above base leve land so results in deep erosion a steeper gradient allows more erosion upstream - ALL ARE CORRECT
question
Which of the following is NOT associated with braided streams?
answer
cut of meanders
question
At which site along this stream would a cut bank form?
answer
C
question
If a stream-cut canyon is deep and narrow, which of the following is most likely to be true?
answer
down cutting is occurring faster than widening
question
Which of the following features are generally not associated with mountain streams and rivers?
answer
meanders
question
Which of the following statements about streams is not true?
answer
streams typically do not respond to change in climate
question
Which of the following is unlikely to cause deposition of sediment along a stream?
answer
a drop in sea level
question
If erosion and deposition occur at the same rate, how can we best describe the particles of sediment on a streambed?
answer
As sediment moves downstream, it is replaced by a similar volume of sediment
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question
Which of the following is true about how a stream erodes material?
answer
abrasion is concentrated on the upstream side of obstructions
question
If a stream drops 15 meters in 15 kilometers, what is its gradient?
answer
1 meter per kilometer
question
This plot shows the highest flow event that occurred each year on the Yellowstone River between 1924 and the 1990s. What is the maximum size of flood that probably can occur here?
answer
more than 9000 cubic meters per second is possible
question
How is an alluvial fan formed?
answer
sediment is deposited by debris flows and streams that decrease in velocity along the mountain front
question
Which of the following is the most common cause of river and stream flooding?
answer
intense precipitation
question
Which of the following accompanies urbanization (replacing farms and open areas with cities)?
answer
runoff occurs more quickly and produces higher peak flow
question
What does a profile of a river from its headwaters to its mouth typically show?
answer
a flattened shape that flattens out downstream
question
Which of the features on this aerial photograph is an oxbow lake?
answer
C
question
What is the mostly likely setting for this drainage pattern?
answer
the rocks have relatively equal resistance to erosion
question
Where do mountain streams get most of their load of sediment?
answer
Landslides, slope failures, and erosion of the mountain sides
question
When water in a stream or desert wash decreases in velocity, sediment that the stream carries can be deposited in
answer
a delta an alluvial fan a floodplain - ALL ARE CORRECT
question
Which of the following sediment sizes is likely to be transported mostly on the bottom of the stream bed?
answer
Pebbles and cobbles
question
How did the entrenched meanders shown in this figure form?
answer
a meandering river carved into the land due to uplift or falling base level
question
Which of the features on this aerial photograph represents the former position of a meander?
answer
C
question
This figure shows four numbered river terraces, with 1 being the highest and 4 being the lowest. Which is the youngest terrace?
answer
4
question
What is a stream's discharge rate if it has a width of 10 meters, a depth of 2 meters, and a velocity of 2 meters per second?
answer
40 cubic meters per second
question
What is a reasonable interpretation for the flow event recorded by this hydrograph?
answer
The drainage basin has several distinct parts
question
Which of the following can have a significant effect on a river?
answer
rises and drops in sea level tectonic types of bedrock in the rivers changes in climate - ALL ARE CORRECT
question
Which of the following is true about the base level of a stream?
answer
MOST STREAMS HAVE LOWER GRADIENT CLOSE TO THEIR BASE LEVEL
question
What type of stream is shown in this figure?
answer
meandering stream
question
The type of feature shown in this figure is
answer
entrenched meanders
question
Which of the following is not true about braided streams?
answer
these streams form where the sediment is plentiful and dominated y clay and silt
question
Which of the following is true of a 100-year flood?
answer
The probability of a 100-year flood occuring on any given year is 1:100
question
At what two stream profiles would overall stream velocity be greatest at the center of the profile?
answer
B and D
question
Which of the following features is most related to erosion along a low-gradient stream?
answer
point bar floodplain levee - NONE ARE CORRECT
question
Construction of a dam results in
answer
increase erosion by clear water released from the dam
question
Compared with curve 2 on this hydrograph, what is a possible explanation for curve 1?
answer
the basin for curve 1 has steeper slopes than the basin for curve 2 the storm recorded y curve 1 was shorter and more intense than the storm represented by curve 2 cure 1 shows the same area as curve 2 but after urbanization - ALL ARE CORRECT
question
What could cause a canyon to be deeper upstream than downstream?
answer
the area upstream could be uplifted more than areas down stream the area upstream is higher above base leve land so results in deep erosion a steeper gradient allows more erosion upstream - ALL ARE CORRECT
question
Which of the following is NOT associated with braided streams?
answer
cut of meanders
question
At which site along this stream would a cut bank form?
answer
C
question
If a stream-cut canyon is deep and narrow, which of the following is most likely to be true?
answer
down cutting is occurring faster than widening
question
Which of the following features are generally not associated with mountain streams and rivers?
answer
meanders
question
Which of the following statements about streams is not true?
answer
streams typically do not respond to change in climate
question
Which of the following is unlikely to cause deposition of sediment along a stream?
answer
a drop in sea level
question
If erosion and deposition occur at the same rate, how can we best describe the particles of sediment on a streambed?
answer
As sediment moves downstream, it is replaced by a similar volume of sediment