Genitourinary System 21

Which of the following is not a defense of the genitourinary tract? flushing action of urine lysozyme IgA IgG mucus secretions

Normal biota of the urethra include all of the following except: nonhemolytic Streptococcus. Staphylococcus. Corynebacterium. Escherichia coli. Lactobacillus.

Normal biota of the ureters and bladder include: nonhemolytic Streptococcus. Staphylococcus. Corynebacterium. Escherichia coli. None of the choices is correct.

Lactobacillis in the female reproductive tract: is protective. is indicative of underlying infection. is the causative agent in common yeast infections. can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease. can contribute to STDs.

The predominant microorganism in the female reproductive tract during childbearing years is: Corynebacterium. Staphylococcus. Escherichia coli. Lactobacillus. Candida albicans.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the normal biota of the female reproductive tract during childbearing years?: Vaginal pH is neutral. Estrogen causes glycogen release. Lactobacilli convert sugars to acid. Candida albicans is present in small amounts. Secretory IgA provides protection.

The most common causative agent of urinary tract infections is: Escherichia coli O157:H7. Escherichia coli. Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus pyogenes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

All of the following are signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections except: red blood cells in urine. painful urination. white blood cells in urine. nausea. diarrhea.

Which of the following organisms causes urinary tract infections? Proteus mirabilis Schistosoma haematobium Treponema pallidum group B Streptococcus Gardnerella

The most common mode of disease transmission in UTIs is: fomites. indirect contact. opportunism. aerosol. endogenous transfer.

Infection of the urinary bladder is called: urethritis. pyelonephritis. cystitis. vaginitis. PID.

Infected animals shed Leptospira interrogans in their: feces. blood. urine. respiratory secretions. saliva.

Leptospirosis has all of the following characteristics except: most common in cattle, horses, pigs, and dogs. pathogen is a spirochete. infects kidneys, liver, brain, and eyes. humans acquire it by contact with abraided skin or mucous membranes. can be transmitted by animal bites.

Leptospirosis: has only humans as a reservoir. is communicable. can be contracted from the environment. is strictly transmitted by sexual contact. is contracted by the fecal-oral route.

Trichomonas vaginalis: does not produce cysts. in males causes urethritis. in females causes vaginitis with a foul-smelling discharge. has four flagella and an undulating membrane. All of the choices are correct.

Candida albicans is a fungus. bacteria. helminth. protozoa. None of the choices is correct.

Trichomonas vaginalis (tiny parasite that causes an infection) is a: fungus. bacteria. helminth. protozoan. None of the choices is correct.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (STD that causes infections at the anatomic site of exposure) is: the cause of ophthalmia neonatorum. the cause of gonorrhea. called the gonococcus. virulent due to fimbriae and a protease that inactivates IgA. All of the choices are correct.

All of the following pertain to gonorrhea (second most common STD in US, can have symptoms or none) except: a chancre-type lesion develops at the portal of entry. is a sexually transmitted disease. pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), epididymitis, and infertility are complications. females can have asymptomatic infection. symptoms include painful urination and discharge.

Pelvic inflammatory (infection of the organs of a women's reproductive system) disease often leads to: ovarian cancer. uterine cancer. cervical cancer. infertility. kidney cancer.

Chlamydia trachomatis (1st most common STD in US) causes: nongonococcal urethritis in males. cervicitis in females. congenital conjunctivitis. pelvic inflammatory disease in females. All of the choices are correct.

The most common reported STD in the United States is: gonorrhea. chlamydia. genital herpes. syphilis. HIV.

The chancre (sore) of syphilis: occurs due to small hemorrhaging of capillaries. is very painful. occurs during the tertiary stage. develops into a lesion with firm margins and an ulcerated, central crater. All of the choices are correct.

During which stage of syphilis (STD) does fever, lymphadenopathy, and a red to brown rash occur?: primary secondary tertiary latent All of the choices are correct.

Permanent cardiovascular and neurological damage is seen in which stage of syphilis? primary secondary tertiary latent All of the choices are correct

Syphilitic tumors called _____ develop in the liver, skin, bone, and cartilage during the tertiary stage of syphilis.: chancres gummas ulcers nodules None of the choices is correct.

The latency period of syphilis can last up to: 3 to 6 months. 1 year. 10 years 20 years or more. Syphilis is never a latent infection.

Chancroid: is caused by Treponema pallidum. is caused by a spirochete. presents with a hard chancre. is caused by Haemophilus ducreyi. is very painful in both sexes.

Herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2) causes: genital lesions. intensely sensitive vesicles on or near the genitals. symptoms that include urethritis, cervicitis, and itching. infection in neonates that have contact with lesions in the birth canal. All of the choices are correct.

An occasional serious complication of herpes simplex 1 is: shingles. paralysis. encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) myocarditis. kidney failure.

All of the following pertain to genital warts except: are not common in the United States. are sexually transmitted. often occur on the penis, vagina, and cervix. includes large cauliflower-like masses called condylomata acuminate. certain strains strongly predispose a person to cancer of the cervix or penis.

Which group is at greatest risk for group B Streptococcus infection? pregnant women neonates 21-year-old females 21-year-old males older adults (age 65 years and older)

Which of the following are characteristics that can be utilized to distinguish between vaginitis (inflammation of the vagina )and vaginosis (vaginal discharge and results from an overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina)? causative agent presence of vaginal inflammation presence of discharge All of the choices are correct.

Chlamydia trachomatis (STD that can lead to blindness) is commonly transmitted by direct sexual activity. True False

Chlamydias (STD) can cross the placenta and cause intrauterine infection. True False

Chlamydiosis (zoonotic disease of birds, can be transferred to humans- psittacosis in humans) can lead to cervicitis, salpingitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. True False

The antivirals used for herpes simplex infections have the ability to completely destroy the virus and permanently cure the latent infection. True False

Group B streptococcal infections can cause serious infections in infants through vertical transmission. True False

Gardasil prevents infection by group B Streptococcus types 6, 11, 16, and 18. True False

The rash of secondary syphilis: causes severe itching. is intensely painful. only lasts a few days. usually disappears spontaneously after a few weeks. appears within 1 to 2 days of infection