General Psychology: Ch. 13

People learn from watching others

Theory of personality developed by Freud that focuses on repression and unconscious forces and includes the concepts of infantile sexuality, resistance, transference, and division of the psyche into the id, ego, and superego.

An approach to psychology that emphasizes empathy and stresses the good in human behavior

An approach to the study of human personality

The term oral stage denotes the first psychosexual development stage where in the mouth of the infant is his or her primary erogenous zone.

A person perceives their true feelings or desires to be socially, or in some cases, legally unacceptable, and so they attempt to convince themselves or others that the opposite is true--often in a very exaggerated performance.

Emphasized the importance of the collective unconscious in personality functioning

Introduced what has become the most widely used projective test

Suggested that individuals who are open, spontaneous, and not paralyzed by other's opinions illustrate self-actualization

Critics have most frequently objected to the emphasis on individualism offered by the...

Technique used to assess whether a cluster of characteristics that includes ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance reflects a single personality trait

A pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups.

extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness and neuroticism

is the theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment. Bandura accepts the possibility of an individual's behavior being conditioned through the use of consequences.

People's tendency to attribute positive events to their own character but attribute negative events to external factors.

People who are more likely to avoid romantic commitments are...

The complex of emotions aroused in a young child, typically around the age of four, by an unconscious sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex and a wish to exclude the parent of the same sex.

An unconscious defense mechanism whereby the mind substitutes either a new aim or a new object for goals felt in their original form to be dangerous or unacceptable.

Served to disguise the latent content or the unconscious wishes of the dreamer.

Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and Carl Jung

The Rorschach inkblot test has ________ reliability and ________ validity.

Emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in healthy personality development

Originally developed to identify emotional disorders

Around the world, people describe others' personality traits in terms that are consistent with a set of factors called...

The stability of personality during adulthood best illustrates the value of

Efforts to boost someone's self-esteem with random expressions of praise in the absence of good performance is most likely to promote

Reflects confidence in the ability to exert control over one's own motivation, behavior, and social environment.