Final Chapter 11

What is the term for stored-up energy released by earthquakes?

You are watching TV with a friend when there is a special bulletin about a city in California being devastated by an earthquake. The news anchor reports that the epicenter of the earthquake is 45 miles east of Los Angeles. How would you explain the definition of the epicenter to your geologically impaired friend?

What is the definition of the focus?

Which of the following researchers developed elastic rebound after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake?

The elastic rebound associated with earthquakes is an example of ________ deformation.

________ are smaller earthquakes of lesser magnitude that follow a major earthquake.

Which tectonic boundary is associated with megathrust faults?

Which tectonic boundary is responsible for the most powerful and destructive earthquakes recorded?

What is the term used to describe slow, gradual displacement along a fault without the accumulation of significant strain?

________ is a measurement of displacement on the fault surface.

As of 2012, which of the following earthquakes has been observed to have the greatest fault slips?

Where was the earliest seismograph developed?

________ are records of seismic waves.

________ are instruments that sense earthquake waves and transmit them to a recording device.

Which seismic wave will be released first during an earthquake?

When going from a 5 to a 6 on the Richter Scale, what is the increase in amplitude of seismic waves?

What information is needed when determining the distance from the focus of an earthquake to the seismic receiving station?

Generally speaking, which seismic waves will have the greatest amplitude on a seismogram?

Which of the following best describes a seismic gap?

________ measures the total energy released during an earthquake by determining the average amount of slip on the fault, the area of the fault surface that slipped, and the strength of the faulted rock.

Liquefaction will ________.

Which of the following would be the most unstable during an earthquake?

Which of the following does not contribute to destruction from seismic vibrations?

As of 2012, which is the only ocean basin to have significant tsunami warning buoy coverage?

You are monitoring a seismograph in Seattle. One morning, your instrument records an earthquake approximately 2,000 km away. From that information, can you predict where the earthquake occurred?

What is the most dangerous location for a seiche to form in?

Where is the zone of greatest seismic activity on Earth?

Which plate boundary along the Circum-Pacific Belt is responsible for the majority of that belt's earthquakes?

Which tectonic plates are responsible for the majority of seismic activity in the Alpine-Himalayan Belt?

The Denali Pipeline in ________ was designed to withstand displacement from earthquakes in order to prevent oil spills.

Earthquakes occur along pre-existing faults only.

Monitoring foreshocks has become a reliable indicator for predicting earthquakes.

Normal faulting is generally not associated with massive earthquakes.

Most faults are locked in place, except for brief, abrupt movements when sudden slippage produces earthquakes.

Slippage along faults occurs all at once.

When the entire length of a fault ruptures during a single seismic event, the slip will take less than a second to travel the whole length.

Rupture along a fault can stop if there is a large kink in the fault.

Surface waves will move in all directions away from the focus.

P-waves will not travel through liquids.

There is no theoretical upper limit to the Richter Scale.

Earthquakes with a Richter magnitude less than 2.0 are generally not felt by humans.

Tsunamis travel as a single wave across the ocean.

The first sign of a tsunami's approach is a rapid retreat of water from the shoreline.

The moon has seismic events that scientists have termed moonquakes.

Short-range earthquake predictions are reliable and widely used to get people to safety.

What feature is marked with the circle in this image?

Note the three arrows on this image, marked A-C, that illustrate three seismic waves on the chart above. Indicate the name of the seismic wave marked by each letter. (Note: Surface waves are not differentiated on this diagram and can be described simply with "surface waves."

Using the arrival times in this image, determine the S-minus-P interval for this earthquake.

Assuming your S-P interval was 0.5 minutes, what is the distance (in km) to the epicenter of the earthquake?"

This table is an abridged copy of the Mercalli Intensity Scale. Use the following eyewitness account to determine the damage inflicted by this seismic event: "I was driving home when the earthquake hit. It's a good thing I wasn't far from home, because I had to pull over to the side of the road. The entrance to my neighborhood was blocked because of fallen trees and telephone polls. Although the school survived with a few cracks in the walls, most of the houses in the neighborhood had significant damage. The bricks from my chimney were all over the driveway. I had to crawl in through a window because I couldn't get the door open. Once I was in, I saw that it was blocked by one of my bookcases that had fallen over."

How much energy was released in the Mexico City Earthquake in 1980?

Which of the following events had more energy: the Northern New York Earthquake of 1994, the Charleston Earthquake of 1886, or the New Madrid Earthquake of 1812