EVPP: MES #8

25 July 2022
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question
__________ describes the pattern of atmospheric conditions across larger geographic regions over years, decades or centuries.
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Climate
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As air rises in a convection current __________.
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Water condenses out to form clouds and rain.
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Why do the tropics get more energy per unit area from the sun than do the higher latitudes (say, 50° north or south) even when both get 12 hours of sunlight per day?
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The curve of the earth's surface means that the same amount of sun is spread over a larger area at higher latitudes.
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Which of the following statements about solar energy is true?
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About 30% of solar energy is reflected back into space.
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The Southern Hemisphere tilts toward the sun during ________.
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the December solstice
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Weather patterns are largely determined in the ________.
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troposphere
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Near the equator, the patterns of convection currents are called ________.
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Hadley cells
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The Coriolis effect ________.
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is caused by earth's rotational forces
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The Coriolis effect contributes to ________.
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global wind patterns
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Air moving along Earth's surface near the equator tends to be ________.
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warmer and wetter than air at higher latitudes; it then rises, expands and cools
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Which phenomenon shuts down the upwelling of nutrients along the western coast of South America?
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El Niño
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Tropical areas have warmer water than areas located in colder areas because __________.
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tropical areas receive the greatest amount of solar radiation
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Which of the following statements about ocean water is true?
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Oceans have a high heat capacity and change temperature slowly.
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Horizontal movement of water across the ocean's surface _____________.
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helps to redistribute energy (in the form of heat) from warm areas to colder areas
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The exceptionally strong warming of the eastern Pacific is referred to as ________.
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El Niño
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El Niño and La Niña ________.
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produce changes of opposite direction in global temperature and precipitation patterns
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Upwelling ________.
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results in areas of high primary productivity at the ocean surface
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Can you determine whether these factors have a warming or cooling effect on Earth's surface?
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Factors that contribute to warming: -Black carbon aerosols and soot particles -Tropospheric ozone (O3) -Parts of Earth's surface with low reflectivity (low albedo) -Nitrogen oxides (N2O) from denitrification and fossil fuel combustion -Carbon dioxide (CO2) from fossil fuel combustion -Methane (CH4) from decomposition and feedlots Factors that contribute to cooling: -Parts of Earth's surface with high reflectivity (high albedo) -Condensed water vapor (cloud albedo)
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Which three factors have the greatest effect on Earth's climate?
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the sun, the atmosphere, and the ocean
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What is the difference between weather and climate?
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Weather occurs over hours and days and climate occurs over seasons and years.
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Which of the following statements about the sun's energy is true?
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The Earth and its atmosphere reflect 30% of the sun's energy back into space.
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A. What are the two major factors determining the distribution of terrestrial biomes? B. Which of these biomes is characterized by little rainfall? C. Which of these is the largest terrestrial biome on Earth? D. Which biome is characterized by an extensive canopy that allows little light to penetrate to the ground and by the presence of epiphytes? E. Which biome is characterized by the presence of permafrost?
answer
A. temperature and rainfall B. desert C. coniferous forest D. tropical rain forest E. tundra
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a. This cold, dry biome is populated by lichens and shrubs that can survive great seasonal variations in sunlight and temperature. b. In this hot, dry biome, populations of zebras, gazelles, and giraffes are concentrated around widely spaced watering holes. c. Also called steppe or prairie, this biome has been extensively developed for agricultural use due to its nutrient-rich soils. d. Despite having lush vegetation and diverse biological communities, the soil in this biome has low nutrient content and cannot support long-term agriculture. e. This is the driest biome, where many plants have water-conserving features such as thick leaves and needles. f. This biome is characterized by broad-leaved trees that lose their leaves each fall and remain dormant during winter.
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a. tundra b. savanna c. temperate grassland d. tropical rainforest e. desert f. temperate deciduous forest
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A.What does the red line on the graph represent? B. Part complete What do the blue bars on the graph represent? C. Which two months have the highest average temperature? D. What is the best description of the yearly temperature range shown by this graph? E. Part complete What is the best description of the pattern of precipitation shown by this graph? F. What is the best estimate of the total yearly precipitation in the region represented by this graph? G. What biome does this climatograph represent?
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A. average temperature (°C) B. monthly precipitation C. July and August D. Winters are cold and summers are hot. E. Precipitation is greatest in the spring and summer. F. 900 mm G. temperate grassland
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What two factors exert the greatest influence over a terrestrial biome?
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annual average temperature and precipitation
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When looking at the distribution of the world's biomes, there is a predictable pattern that results when starting at the equator and moving north or south (a longitudinal change). Where else do we see the same sort of predictable pattern?
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starting at the base of a mountain and climbing up to the top
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Which of the following is most likely to be found in the biome at the bottom (left) of this figure?
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rattlesnakes
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Which terrestrial biome has the most biodiversity?
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tropical rainforest
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The statement, "hiking up a mountain in the southwestern United States is like walking from Mexico to Canada," refers to the fact that ________ change(s) with altitude and latitude.
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vegetation
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In the rain shadow effect, ________.
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the dry region is on the leeward side of a mountain
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Global climate change may produce major shifts in biomes because ________.
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mean temperature and precipitation will change
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If you wanted to predict which biome you would find in an area, what two things would you would need to know about that area?
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its annual rainfall and temperature