According to David Ewing, two factors explain the absence of civil liberties and the prevalence of authoritarianism in the workplace. Which of the following is one of them?
answer
the rise of personnel engineering and professional management
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According to David Ewing,
answer
the corporate invasion of employees' civil rights is rampant.
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According to common-law, to legally terminate an employee, an employer
answer
need have no reason at all.
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Which of the following is an accurate statement about modifications to common law from the Wagner Act of 1935?
answer
It's illegal to fire workers because of union membership.
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Fair personnel policies and decisions must be based on criteria that are clear, job related, and
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equally applied
question
Which statement is true about the hiring and employment process?
answer
According to common law, unless there is an explicit contractual provision to the contrary, every employment is employment "at will."
question
Since Congress passed the Americans With Disabilities Act in 1994,
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employers must make "reasonable accommodations" for disabled workers.
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The hiring process needs to include screening, testing, and
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interviewing.
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Which of these is a valid reasoning for not hiring a potential employee?
answer
The person has a lack of experience.
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Tests are designed to measure the applicants's skills in verbal, quantitative, and
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reasoning ability
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To be successful any test used by a corporation must be:
answer
valid
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The appropriate guideline for testing potential employees is:
answer
Griggs v. Duke Power Company, which prohibits employers from requiring a high school education as a prerequisite for employment or promotion without demonstrable evidence that the associated skills relate directly to job performance
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In the interview process, the interview should avoid rudeness, coarseness, condescension, and
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hostility
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Conscious and unconscious biases and stereotypes are as the English philosopher Francis Bacon (1561-1626) called
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"idols of the mind"
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The key moral ideal in promotions is
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fairness
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Of the four types of discharge, firing
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for-cause dismissal--the result of employee theft, gross insubordination, release of proprietary information, and so on
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Employers have the right to fire an employee who performs inadequately, but they should do so
answer
as painlessly as possible
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One of the seven factors given to help minimize the chances of setting unfair wages and salaries is that
answer
An employer's financial capabilities affect what constitutes a fair wage scale for that employer's employees.
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Choose the factual precept concerning wages:
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a fari wage presupposes a fair work contract
question
Groups of 18th century skilled artisans formed secret societies for two basic reasons. Which of the following is one of those reasons?
answer
to equalize their relationship with their employers
question
Austin Fagothey and Milton Gonsalves believe one of the three conditions when a direct strike is justified is
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when it is a last resort
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Unions employ two kinds of boycotts to enforce their demands. These two kinds of boycotts are
answer
primary and secondary
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In union terms, a direct strike occur
answer
when an organized body of workers withholds its labor to force the employer to comply with its demands
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Which of the following is a correct statement about union activities?
answer
a sympathetic strike occurs when workers who have no particular grievance of their own and who may or may not have the same employer decide to strike in support of others
question
According to common law, unless there is an explicit contractual provision to the contrary, every employment is employment at will and either side is free to terminate it at any time without advance notice or reason.
answer
T
question
A workplace environment in which employees are treated fairly and their inherent dignity respected is compatible with a firm's business goals.
answer
T
question
In a handful of American cities local ordinances prohibit discrimination against those who are short or overweight.
answer
T
question
A job description describes the qualifications an employee needs, such as skills, educational experience, appearance, and physical attributes.
answer
F
question
The reliability of a test refers to the quality of exhibiting a reasonable consistency in results obtained.
answer
T
question
Inbreeding is the practice of showing favoritism to relatives and close friends.
answer
F
question
Inbreeding refers to longevity on a job or with a firm.
answer
F
question
Nepotism is the practice of promoting exclusively from within the firm.
answer
F
question
One of the chief concerns of nepotism is the disregard of managerial responsibilities to the organization and of fairness to other employees.
answer
T
question
Due process requires specific and systematic means for workers to appeal discharge or disciplinary decisions.
answer
T
question
Just cause requires that reasons for discipline or discharge related directly to job performance.
answer
T
question
When weighing the decisions to terminate employees, companies need to remember that employment affects families and communities, not just individuals.
answer
T
question
When most people fire another employee, they do it with great joy.
answer
F
question
Traditionally, the obligations between a business organization and its employees could be boiled down to "A fair wage for an honest day's work."
answer
T
question
Job performance and the fairness of the work contract are relevant to the issue of fair wages.
answer
T
question
The Wagner Act of 1935 permitted firing workers because of union membership or union activities.
answer
F
question
Labor historians generally consider the Knights of Labor (K of L), established in 1869, as the first truly national trade union.
answer
T
question
From the beginning, unions have been driven by an attempt to protect workers from abuses of power at the hands of employers.
answer
T
question
An individual with great strength is an equal with the employer in the negotiation process.
answer
F
question
A corporate boycott occurs when an organized body of workers withholds its labor to force an employer to comply with its demands.
answer
F
question
If employees who don't join the union get the same benefits as union members, this raises a question of fairness.
answer
T
question
The express purpose of a boycott is the same as a strike - to hurt the employer and strengthen the union.
answer
T
question
Sympathetic strikes have very little power.
answer
F
question
The express purpose of any boycott is the same as that of a strike - to hurt the employer or company financially and thus strengthen the union's bargaining position.
answer
T
question
A primary boycott occurs when people refuse to patronize companies that handle products of struck companies.
answer
F
question
Privacy
answer
must be respected if we are to function as complete, self-governing agents
question
The right to privacy of employees
answer
may conflict with an organization's legitimate interests
question
When it comes to obtaining information about employees, a key concept is
answer
informed consent
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Polygraph tests
answer
are impossible to beat when properly administered
question
The one key questionable premise underlying personality tests is
answer
that all individuals can usefully and validly be placed into a relatively small number of categories of personality types and character traits
question
Used properly, personality tests serve two purposes in the work place. Which of the following is one of those purposes?
answer
Personality tests help screen applicants for jobs by indicating areas of adequacy and inadequacy
question
Which statement has the proper perspective about the testing of employees by a business?
answer
drug testing can only be defensible when it is really pertinent to employee performance and when there is a lot at stake
question
Which of the following is an true statement about the information gained from polygraph tests?
answer
not only should the organization have job-related grounds for using the polygraph, but these must be compelling enough to justify violating the individuals privacy and psychic freedom
question
Many major employers routinely monitor the performance of their employees through the computers and telephones they use. The one check that they can do is
answer
check the number of keystrokes that word processors enter during the day
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A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association showed that postal workers who tested positive for drug use in a pre-employment urine test were at least 50 percent more likely to be
answer
fired injured, disciplined, or absent than those who tested negative
question
Statistics indicate that on the job, about 5,000 people every year are
answer
Killed
question
The most accurate statement about workplace safety is:
answer
workers are often unaware of the hazards they face on the job
question
The proper approach to promote safety is found in the "hidden culture" which is
answer
a culture that is proactively oriented toward safety
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Out of these four, which one is the only correct statement concerning OSHA?
answer
critics call OSHA a "toothless tiger"
question
Douglas McGregor rejects Theory X, which holds that
answer
workers essentially dislike work and will do everything they can to avoid it
question
"Corporate infighting," "management power struggles," "maneuvering and politics and power grabbing" and "Machiavellian intrigues" are all phrases H. Ross Perot uses to describe
answer
the reality of corporate life today
question
The United States has more of what per employee than any other industrial nation?
answer
managers
question
The most common reason that people leave their jobs is
answer
a poor relationship with their immediate supervisor
question
The Hawthorne effect shows
answer
attentions and recognition can enhance worker productivity and motivation
question
An early 1970s government study ("Work in America") identified three chief sources of worker dissatisfaction. Which of the following is one of those sources?
answer
the rigidity of rules and regulations
question
One of the three chief sources for dissatisfaction in the workplace is
answer
lack of opportunities to be one's own boss
question
When employees at all occupational levels are asked to rank what is important to them, the order that they put them in is:
answer
interest work; sufficient help, support and information to accomplish the job; enough authority to carry out the work; and good pay
question
A fact about job satisfaction is
answer
a lack of job satisfaction can create mental health problems
question
In 1928, U.S. Supreme Court Judge Louis D. Brandeis described the right to privacy, or "the right to be left alone," as "the right most valued by men."
answer
T
question
As a general rule, the burden is on an organization to establish the legitimacy of infringing on what would normally be considered the personal sphere of the individual
answer
T
question
There is a general consensus among philosophers and lawyers about how to define the right to privacy.
answer
F
question
Privacy is widely acknowledged today to be a fundamental right
answer
T
question
The general proposition that a firm has a legitimate interest only in employee behavior that significantly influences work performance applies equally to off-the-job conduct.
answer
T
question
Informed consent implies deliberation and free choice.
answer
T
question
Businesses often claim polygraphs are a fast and economical way to verify the information provided by a job applicant.
answer
T
question
If a polygraph test is 95 percent accurate, there are unlikely to be any "false positives."
answer
T
question
The Employee Polygraph Protection Act permits most private employers to use lie detectors in "pre-employment testing.
answer
F
question
When used properly, personality tests can help screen applicants for jobs by indicating areas of adequacy and inadequacy.
answer
T
question
Notification of employee monitoring constitutes consent on the part of the employee to be monitored.
answer
F
question
Any drug-testing program, assuming it is warranted, must be careful to respect the dignity and rights of the persons to be tested.
answer
T
question
According to published statistics, each year in the United States nearly 100,000 workers are killed on the job.
answer
F
question
Employees have a legal right to refuse to work when it exposes them to imminent danger.
answer
F
question
One problem that OSHA will have to address in the future is the increasing number of musculoskeletal disorders.
answer
T
question
OSHA requires safeguards whether or not they are "feasible."
answer
F
question
The breaking up of jobs into smaller and smaller units, with each worker performing fewer tasks but repeating them thousands of times a day, has contributed to health problems in manufacturing.
answer
T
question
Fatigue and stress is less of a health problem than it used to be.
answer
F
question
No set of assumptions about human nature is absolutely correct or incorrect, nor is there one perfectly right way to manage.
answer
T
question
Parental leave and flexible work arrangements always hurt the bottom line, however much they may benefit parents.
answer
F
question
An early 1970s government survey of worker dissatisfaction identified the lack of opportunities to be one's own boss as one of the three chief sources of worker dissatisfaction.
answer
T
question
Increased productivity by changing the color of the surrounding working environment is known as the "Hawthorne effect."
answer
F
question
One study suggests a positive correlation between job satisfaction and longevity
answer
T
question
Granting workers new responsibilities and respect can benefit the entire organization.
answer
T
question
The key purpose of quality of work life (QWL) programs is to involve workers more fully in the production process by seeking their ideas.
answer
F
question
According to the traditional law of agency, which statement is true?
answer
employees are under a legal obligation to act loyally and in good faith and to carry out lawful instructions.
question
Conflicts of interest
answer
The situation that arises when employees at any level have special or private interests that are substantial enough to interfere w/ their job duties
question
Conflicts of interests are what kind of problem?
answer
moral
question
Some writers deny that employees have any obligation of loyalty to the company, because
answer
companies are not the kind of things that are properly objects of loyalty.
question
When an employee's interests are likely to interfere with the employee's ability to exercise proper judgment on behalf of the organization, what exists?
answer
conflict of interest
question
Conflicts of interest may exist when employees have financial investments
answer
in suppliers, customers, or distributors with whom their organizations do business.
question
According to the Supreme Court
answer
there's nothing improper about outsiders using information
question
A "trade secret"
answer
a secret device or technique used by a company in manufacturing its products.
question
The use of one's official position for what always raises moral concerns and questions?
answer
personal gain
question
Insider trading is
answer
the buying or selling of stocks (or other financial securities) by business "insiders" on the basis of information that has not yet been made public and is likely to affect the price of the stock
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