Ethics Ch. 2

1. Those who have a claim in some aspect of a firm's products, operations, markets, industry, and outcomes are known as a. shareholders. b. stockholders. c. stakeholders. d. claimholders. e. special-interest groups

2. Stakeholders' power over businesses stems from their a. ability to withdraw or withhold resources. b. ability to generate profits. c. media impact. d. political influence. e. stock ownership.

3. Which of the following do not typically engage in transactions with a company and thus are not essential for its survival? a. Employees b. Secondary stakeholders c. Primary stakeholders d. Investors e. Customers

4. A firm that makes use of a __________ recognizes other stakeholders beyond investors, employees, and suppliers, and explicitly acknowledges the two-way dialog that exists between a firm's internal and external environments. a. stakeholder model of corporate governance b. stakeholder bias c. code of ethics d. stakeholder interaction model e. corporate interface mode

5. The degree to which a firm understands and addresses stakeholder demands can be referred to as a. a stakeholder orientation. b. a shareholder orientation. c. the stakeholder interaction model. d. a two-way street. e. a continuum.

6. Which of the following industries tends to generate a high level of trust from consumers and stakeholders? a. Insurance b. Technology c. Banks d. Mortgage lenders e. Financial services

7. Which of the following is not a benefit that primary stakeholders tend to provide to organizations? a. Supplies of capital and resources. b. Expertise and leadership c. Word-of-mouth promotion d. Infrastructure e. Pro-bono bookkeeping

8. A stakeholder group that is absolutely necessary for a firm's survival is defined as a. direct. b. tertiary. c. secondary. d. special-interest. e. primary.

9. When unethical acts are discovered in a firm, in most instances a. they are caused by unwilling participants. b. the cause is due to external stakeholders. c. the perpetrators are caught and prosecuted. d. there was knowing cooperation or complicity from within the company. e. the cause is a corrupt Board of Directors.

10. Which of the following is not a method typically employed by firms when researching relevant stakeholder groups? a. Surveys b. Focus groups c. Internet searches d. Press reviews e. Guessing

11. A stakeholder orientation can be viewed as a(n) a. necessity for business success. b. continuum. c. polarizing concept. d. good marketing ploy. e. expensive proposition.

12. Shareholders provide resources to an organization that are critical to long term success. Which of the following does the book suggest that suppliers offer? a. The promise of customer loyalty b. Material resources and/or intangible knowledge c. Infrastructure d. Revenue e. Leadership skills

13. Which of the following is not associated with the stakeholder interaction model? a. Involves a two-way relationship between firm and stakeholders b. Recognizes the input of investors, employees, and suppliers c. Explicitly acknowledges dialogue with a firm's internal environment d. Explicitly acknowledges dialogue with a firm's external environment e. Identifies the mass media, special interest groups, competitors, and trade associations as primary stakeholders

14. The first of the three activities that are associated with the stakeholder orientation is the a. organization-wide generation of data. b. organization's responsiveness to intelligence. c. set of consumer attributes identified. d. organizational strategy of target markets. e. human relations department's set of priorities.

15. Public health and safety and support of local organizations are issues most relevant to which stakeholder group? a. Investors b. Community c. Suppliers d. Customers e. Employees

16. Minimizing the use of energy and reducing emissions and waste are issues of importance to which stakeholder? a. Environmental groups b. Suppliers c. Employees d. Industry leaders e. Investors

17. The idea that the mission of business is to produce goods and services at a profit, thus maximizing its contribution to society is associated with a. Adam Smith. b. Theodore Levitt. c. Norman Bowie. d. Herman Miller e. Milton Friedman.

18. The originator of the idea of the invisible hand, which is a fundamental concept in free market capitalism, was a. Adam Smith b. Theodore Levitt. c. Norman Bowie. d. Herman Miller e. Milton Friedman.

19. Some economists believe that if companies address economic and legal issues, they are satisfying the demands of society, and that trying to anticipate and meet additional needs would be almost impossible. Which economist's theory are they following most closely with this belief? a. Adam Smith. b. Theodore Levitt. c. Norman Bowie. d. Herman Miller e. Milton Friedman.

20. In ascending order, Carroll's four levels of social responsibility are a. ethical, legal, economic, philanthropic. b. economic, ethical philanthropic, legal. c. economic, legal, ethical, philanthropic. d. legal, ethical, economic, philanthropic. e. ethical, legal, moral, economic

21. The term used to express how a firm meets its stakeholder expectations of its economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities is a. reputation. b. corporate citizenship. c. corporate ethical audit. d. ethical citizenship. e. fiduciary duties.

22. In corporate governance, _ is the process of auditing and improving organizational decisions and actions. a. profit b. loyalty c. accountability d. control e. diligence

23. Accountability, oversight, and control all fall under the definition and implementation of corporate a. profit. b. loyalty. c. care. d. governance. e. diligence.

24. Major corporate governance issues normally involve _______ decisions. a. strategic-level b. tactical-level c. divisional-level d. marketing-level e. accounting-level

25. Which of the following is a major ethical concern among corporate boards of directors? a. Compensation b. The non-traditional directorship approach c. Dividend reporting d. Corporate social audits e. Debt swaps

26. One policy to address the issue of executive pay was implemented by J.P. Morgan, it stated that _________ a. there should be no limit on what top executives can earn. b. managers should earn no more than twenty times the pay of other employees. c. top managers should make the same amount as other employees. d. employees can determine how much managers make. e. the government should determine the worth of each manager's service.

27. The specific steps for implementing the stakeholder perspective do not include which of the following? a. Identifying stakeholder groups b. Identifying stakeholder issues c. Identifying and gaining stakeholder feedback d. Identifying and gaining government feedback e. Assessing organizational commitment to social responsibility groups

28. What are the four levels of social responsibility? a. Financial, religious, ethical, and philanthropic b. Ethical, philanthropic, selfish, and short-sighted c. Economic, long-term, ethical, and philanthropic. d. Legal, economic, ethical, and philanthropic e. Economic, compliance, legal, and philanthropic

29. The _____ model is founded in classic economic precepts. a. economic b. shareholder c. stakeholder d. board e. ISO

30. Which of the following are not typically secondary stakeholders? a. Television news anchors b. Special-interest groups c. Customers d. Trade associations e. Journalists

31. Which of the following are not typically primary stakeholders? a. Customers b. Trade associations c. Employees d. Shareholders e. Suppliers

32. Why do critics argue that high compensation for boards of directors is a bad thing? a. It is too expensive for the organization. b. It could cause conflicts of interest between the directors and the organization. c. It is not fair to poorly compensated employees. d. High pay will render the board less complacent. e. Board of director compensation is not a major issue.

33. Board members being linked to more than one company is an example of a. strategic philanthropy. b. stakeholder commitment. c. interlocking directorate. d. conflict of interest. e. an illegal activity.

34. What is the first step in implementing a stakeholder perspective in an organization? a. Identifying resources and determining urgency b. Identifying stakeholder groups c. Identifying stakeholder issues d. Assessing the corporate culture e. Assessing organizational commitment to social responsibility

35. A stakeholder orientation is not complete unless it includes a. clear accounting procedures. b. major financing activities. c. marketing strategy. d. feedback from special-interest groups. e. activities that actually address stakeholder issues.