type of population pyramid that occurs in locations where fertility rates are high, death rates fall, and more people are living in middle age with a longer life expectancy
question
directional selection
answer
a type of natural selection that favors individuals that have an extreme variation of a trait within a population
question
disruptive selection
answer
a type of natural selection that favors the extreme trait in a population
question
distribution
answer
the geographical area in which a species is found
question
expansive population pyramid
answer
type of population pyramid that occurs in locations where fertility rates are high but life expectancy is lower than average
question
population pyramid
answer
graphical representation that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population, which normally forms the shape of a pyramid
question
stabilizing selection
answer
type of natural selection where genetic diversity decreases as a particular trait becomes more common and the population stabilizes around that trait
question
stationary population pyramid
answer
type of population pyramid that occurs in locations with a declining birth rate, low death rate, and more people living to old age
question
Contrast disruptive and stabilizing selections.
answer
While stabilizing selection selects for the most common, normal traits in a population, disruptive selection selects for extremes. Disruptive selection eliminates the very intermediate traits that stabilizing selection preserves.
question
Which of the following is not true about the distribution of species?
a.
A species' native range does not include areas where it was introduced by humans.
b.
Some species have a range they inhabit only for breeding.
c.
Seasonal ranges include areas where species are found for part of the year.
d.
All the organisms in an ecosystem share distribution patterns.
answer
d.
All the organisms in an ecosystem share distribution patterns.
question
The most common type of distribution pattern(s) in nature is(are) _______.
a.
regular
b.
random
c.
cluster
d.
a and b
answer
c.
cluster
question
Explain why random distribution patterns for species are the rarest in nature.
answer
Very few species have no pattern of interaction between individuals. It is rare for members of a species to not be attracted to one another or compete for resources, as is required for random distribution which makes this the rarest distribution pattern.
question
What distinguishes disruptive and directional selection pressures when both select for extreme genetic traits?
answer
While directional selection selects for extreme variation of one genetic trait in a population, disruptive selection selects for both extremes. Disruptive selection eliminates intermediate traits leading to selection at either extreme. Directional selection, meanwhile, preferentially selects for individuals expressing the extreme trait.
question
Explain how and why natural selection has allowed species such as sharks and alligators to remain genetically stable for thousands of years.
answer
Stabilizing natural selection keeps gene frequencies constant in a population. The normal, most common traits are selected for and preserved so only a limited amount of evolution occurs and species can remain unchanged even over long periods of time.
question
Adaptive melanism describes selection for _______.
a.
mottled pigmentation
b.
lighter pigmentation
c.
darker pigmentation
d.
more colorful pigmentation
answer
c.
darker pigmentation
question
Regular distribution is observed for many organisms due to _______.
a.
the need to maximize exposure to sunlight
b.
the need to avoid predators
c.
interactions between individuals
d.
the plentiful availability of water
answer
c.
interactions between individuals
question
Natural selection is best described as _______.
a.
disruptive selection
b.
stabilizing selection
c.
a mechanism of evolution
d.
directional selection
answer
c.
a mechanism of evolution
question
Among humans more boys are born than girls, but women have significantly higher life expectancies. What is the significance of this?
answer
This trend means that men have a higher mortality rate than women. While men start out as a larger percentage of the population, their higher mortality rate means that among the elderly, women are a larger percentage of the population than men.
question
Natural selection does not always result in an increase in genetic diversity.
answer
True
question
Which of the following is true about human population distribution by age and gender?
a.
Women suffer higher mortality rates than men.
b.
Women have lower mortality rates than men.
c.
Population distribution by age and gender is uniform around the world.
d.
The United States has the highest life expectancy in the world.
answer
b.
Women have lower mortality rates than men.
question
Why do disruptive selection pressures tend to favor rapid evolutionary changes?
a.
They result in sudden gene frequency changes.
b.
They eliminate extreme genetic traits.
c.
They select for one variation of a genetic trait.
d.
They result in environmental adaptation.
answer
a.
They result in sudden gene frequency changes.
question
The rarest distribution pattern in nature is random.
answer
True
question
Directional selection only occurs in response to naturally occurring events.
answer
False
question
Which of the following is the most obvious sign of cluster distribution in termites?
a.
They are insects.
b.
They are detritivores.
c.
They are social insects.
d.
Many species of termites are considered pests.
answer
c.
They are social insects.
question
These two graphs represent _______ and _______ selection.
http://media.education2020.com/evresources/2028-02-04-04-00-v2_files/i0030000.jpg
a.
directional; stabilizing
b.
stabilizing; disruptive
c.
disruptive; static
d.
static; directional
answer
b.
stabilizing; disruptive
question
Stabilizing selective pressures result in _______.
a.
rapid, broad evolutionary changes
b.
limited evolutionary changes
c.
an increase in genetic diversity
d.
extreme gene distributions
answer
b.
limited evolutionary changes
question
Natural selection is an evolutionary mechanism by which _______.
a.
advantageous traits are eliminated in a population
b.
advantageous traits become more common in a population
c.
inherited traits pass consistently through generations
d.
organisms choose which traits to look for in their offspring
answer
b.
advantageous traits become more common in a population
question
Stationary population pyramids are representative of countries with shorter than average life expectancies.
answer
False
question
Which of the following species would you most expect to be distributed according to a regular pattern?
a.
termites
b.
stingless bees
c.
fish
d.
creosote bushes
answer
d.
creosote bushes
question
Which of the following selection pressures is responsible for the limited evolutionary changes experienced by alligators and other crocodilians?
a.
stabilizing selection
b.
directional selection
c.
disruptive selection
d.
high mutation rate
answer
a.
stabilizing selection
question
Which of the following is not true about the distribution of species?
a.
A species' native range does not include areas where it was introduced by humans.
b.
Some species have a range they inhabit only for breeding.
c.
Seasonal ranges include areas where species are found for part of the year.
d.
All the organisms in an ecosystem share distribution patterns.
answer
d.
All the organisms in an ecosystem share distribution patterns.
question
Which of the following is not a reason that populations display a regular (evenly spaced) distribution?
a.
territorial behavior
b.
competition for water
c.
competition for sunlight
d.
social behavior
answer
d.
social behavior
question
What factor creates the most difficulty in predicting the possible consequences of different control methods?
a.
species interactions
c.
habitat changes
b.
feeding patterns
d.
breeding patterns
answer
a.
species interactions
question
Physical removal of an invasive species is an example of _______.
a.
mechanical control
c.
biological control
b.
chemical control
d.
all of the above
answer
a.
mechanical control
question
Directional selection can be distinguished from disruptive selection by _______.
a.
the elimination of extreme variations of traits
b.
selection for two extreme variations of a trait
c.
the preservation of gene frequencies
d.
selection for one extreme variation of a trait
answer
d.
selection for one extreme variation of a trait
question
Which of the following best describes the relationship between jaguars and panthers?
a.
Panthers and jaguars are separate species.
b.
Panthers are jaguars with predominantly dark or black pigmentation.
c.
Juvenile jaguars are black and called panthers.
d.
During winter Jaguars' coats change from spotted to black.
answer
b.
Panthers are jaguars with predominantly dark or black pigmentation.
question
What are the three common patterns of population distribution?
a.
clumped, random, and curved
b.
evenly spaced, clumped, and curved
c.
clumped, evenly spaced, and random
d.
random, curved, and evenly spaced
answer
c.
clumped, evenly spaced, and random
question
With regards to a "Data (Age) Structure Diagram", which of the following is an indicator of a rapidly growing population?
a.
a large elderly population
b.
a large middle age population
c.
a large teenage population
d.
a large child population
answer
d.
a large child population
question
Which of the following is the most obvious sign of cluster distribution in termites?
a.
They are insects.
b.
They are detritivores.
c.
They are social insects.
d.
Many species of termites are considered pests.
answer
c.
They are social insects.
question
Which of the following is not a reason for cluster distribution of organisms?
a.
localized availability of resources
b.
herd behavior
c.
hive behavior
d.
territorial behavio
answer
d.
territorial behavior
question
Disruptive selection events select for _______.
a.
common traits
b.
genetic uniformity
c.
camouflage traits
d.
extreme traits
answer
d.
extreme traits
question
The native range of a species includes all areas in which it lives.
answer
True
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