Environment Chapter 10

25 July 2022
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Air pollution is best defined as ________.
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gases or particles present in high enough concentrations in the atmosphere to harm humans, other organisms and structures
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Which of the following is a secondary air pollutant?
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ozone
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Which of the following is not an aerosol?
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methane
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________ pollutants are chemicals or particles that are directly emitted from identifiable sources.
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Primary
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A temperature inversion can adversely affect air quality and is characterized by ________.
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a layer of warm air forming above colder air
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Photochemical smog is formed when primary air pollutants interact with ________.
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sunlight
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CFCs were primarily used in ________.
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refrigeration
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Scrubbers remove 90% of ________.
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sulfur oxides
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An aerosol mixture of particulates and sulfur compounds forms a grayish-colored substance that is called ________.
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industrial smog
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All of the following are considered indoor air pollutants except ________.
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sodium chloride
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The best way to address outdoor air pollution is to ________.
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use less polluting energy sources
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Radon is an indoor air pollutant that has been linked to ________.
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lung cancer
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The most common human health response to air pollution is ________.
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eye and respiratory irritation
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Stratospheric ozone depletion is currently most serious ________.
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over New Zealand and Australia
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All of the following are major steps to controlling air pollution except ________.
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finding cures for the diseases caused by air pollutants
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Which step would be most likely to have the greatest effect on improving outdoor air pollution?
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significant reduction in automobile use
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Which of the following health problems associated with UV exposure is also associated with thinning of Earth ozone layer?
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skin cancer
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Stratospheric ozone destruction involves a complex series of reactions. These reactions begin with ________.
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UV from sunlight causing Cl atoms to break free from CFCs
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The primary sources of the acidity in acid rain are the gases ________.
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SO2 and NOx
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Which of the following acts set new standards to reduce automobile emissions along with establishing a cap-and- trade program for reducing sulfur dioxide emissions?
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the Clean Air Act Amendment of 1990
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All of the following pollutants were targeted for reduction by 2010, according to The 1999 Protocol, except ________.
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CFCs
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Which of the following pesticides was used to kill termites and treat wood between 1948 and 1988?
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Chlordane
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Which naturally emitted gas, accumulating in indoor spaces, has been linked with lung cancer in humans?
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radon
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The EPA regulates the demolition and renovation of older buildings because they may contain ________.
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asbestos
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In many developing countries a primary indoor air pollutant is ________.
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smoke from wood-fueled stoves
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Trace gases make up ________ of the Earth atmosphere.
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less than 1%
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Carbon dioxide released by automobiles is an example of a ________ source of pollution.
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point
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Acid rain is an example of ________ deposition.
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wet
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Aerosols of sulfur compounds affect climate in what way?
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They reflect sunlight and cool the Earth's surface.
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Which of the following heavy metals is/are associated with damage to the human nervous system?
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mercury and lead
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Indoor air is likely to be contaminated by all of the following except ________.
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mercury
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The Donora killer smog of 1948 was primarily a consequence of ________.
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emissions from the steel mill
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Rowland and Molina work showed that ultraviolet light in the stratosphere causes CFCs to release ________ atoms.
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chlorine
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Students at MIT developed a method to produce ________ from agricultural wastes, resulting in a safer indoor fuel for use in developing countries.
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charcoal
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Which of the following particles is likely to fall out of the air faster?
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pollen
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According to the graph, what year was the Montreal Protocol most likely to have been enacted?
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1987
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Where are deaths from indoor smoke most likely?
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Africa
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Where in the United States is the risk of radon exposure lowest?
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Florida
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You go onto the AirNow website, enter your zipcode, and receive your local AQI for the EPAs criterion pollutants. Your AQI is 136. You spent about an hour outside today doing yardwork. Based on these graphs, you should be most concerned about your exposure to ________.
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nitrogen dioxide
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Air Pollution
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Gases or particles that are present in high enough concentrations to harm humans, other organisms, and buildings and other structures
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Air Quality
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Amount of gases and small particles in the atmosphere that influence ecosystem or human well-being
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Volatile Organic Compounds
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Organic chemicals that can vaporize into the air
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Particulate Matter
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Very small solid and liquid particles suspended in the air
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Photochemicals
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Secondary chemicals whose formation is facilitated by sunlight