EMT Chapter 16: Cardiovascular Emergencies

Thromboembolism is:

Ischemia

Infarction

At 0500 hours, you respond to the home of a 76-year-old man complaining of chest pain. Upon arrival, the patient states that he had been sleeping in the recliner all night due to indigestion, when the pain woke him up. He also tells you he has taken two nitroglycerin tablets. His vital signs are as follows: respirations, 16 breaths/min; pulse, 98 beats/min; blood pressure, 92/76 mm Hg. He is still complaining of chest pain. What actions should you take to intervene?

Cardiogenic shock can occur within 24 hours of a(n):

The only vein(s) in the body that carry oxygenated blood is/are the:

When, for a brief period of time, heart tissues do not get enough oxygen, the pain is called:

About ______ minutes after blood flow is cut off, some heart muscle cells begin to die.

_____ allows a cardiac muscle cell to contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve source.

______ are inserted when the electrical control system of the heart is so damaged that it cannot function properly.

_____is the maximum pressure exerted by the left ventricle as it contracts.

In general, a maximum of___ dose(s) of nitroglycerin is/are given for any one episode of chest pain.

A 40-year-old man is in cardiac arrest. Your partner is performing CPR. You are attaching the AED when the patient's wife tells you that he has an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AICD). The AED advises that a shock is indicated. What should you do?

A 67-year-old female presents with difficulty breathing and chest discomfort that awakened her from her sleep. She states that she has congestive heart failure, has had two previous heart attacks, and has been prescribed nitroglycerin. She is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. Her blood pressure is 94/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Treatment for this patient includes:

A percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restores blood flow to the ischemic myocardium by:

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe:

After assisting your patient with prescribed nitroglycerin, you should:

Blood that is ejected from the right ventricle:

Cardiac output may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because:

Cardiogenic shock following AMI is caused by:

Common side effects of nitroglycerin include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Common signs and symptoms of AMI include all of the following, EXCEPT:

During your treatment of a woman in cardiac arrest, you apply the AED, analyze her cardiac rhythm, and receive a "no shock advised" message. This indicates that:

In contrast to AMI, a dissecting aortic aneurysm:

In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system:

Ischemic heart disease is defined as:

It would be MOST appropriate for a patient to take his or her prescribed nitroglycerin when experiencing:

Major risk factors for AMI include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Most patients are instructed by their physician to take up to _______ doses of nitroglycerin before calling EMS.

Nitroglycerin relieves cardiac-related chest pain by:

Prior to assisting a patient with his or her prescribed nitroglycerin, the EMT must:

Rapid, labored breathing in a patient with signs and symptoms of AMI should make you suspicious for:

Sudden death following AMI is MOST often caused by:

The AED has delivered a shock to an elderly male in cardiac arrest. Following 2 minutes of CPR, you re-analyze the patient's cardiac rhythm and receive a "no shock advised" message. After further resuscitation, you restore a palpable carotid pulse. Your next action should be to:

he descending aorta divides into the two iliac arteries at the level of the:

The electrical stimulus that originates in the heart's primary pacemaker is controlled by impulses from the brain that arrive by way of the:

The head and brain receive their supply of oxygenated blood from the:

The iliac arteries immediately subdivide into the:

The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart from all of the following areas, EXCEPT the:

The MOST common error associated with the use of the AED is

The MOST common reason that many people experiencing AMI do not seek immediate medical attention is because they:

The myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the __________, which originate(s) from the __________.

The posterior tibial pulse can be palpated:

The purpose of defibrillation is to:

The right coronary artery supplies blood to the:

Upon arriving at the residence of a patient with a possible cardiac problem, it is MOST important to:

Ventricular tachycardia causes hypotension because:

What is the function of the left atrium?

When an electrical impulse reaches the AV node, it is slowed for a brief period of time so that:

When documenting a patient's description of his or her chest pain or discomfort, the EMT should:

When preparing to obtain a 12-lead ECG, the V1 and V2 electrodes should be placed:

When the myocardium requires more oxygen:

When treating a patient with chest pain, you should assume that he or she is having an AMI because:

Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias has the greatest chance of deteriorating into a pulseless rhythm?

Which of the following is LEAST important when obtaining a medical history from a patient complaining of chest discomfort?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Which of the following is the MOST reliable method of estimating a patient's cardiac output?

Which of the following statements regarding nitroglycerin is correct?

Which of the following statements regarding the AED and defibrillation is correct?

Which of the following statements regarding the pain associated with AMI is correct?

Which of the following veins is located inferior to the trunk?

While obtaining a 12-lead ECG prior to ALS arrival, you note the presence of artifacts on the tracing. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of this?

You and your EMT partner are the first to arrive at the scene of an unresponsive 70-year-old man. Your assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. A paramedic unit is en route to the scene and will arrive in approximately 5 minutes. You should:

You are assessing a 49-year-old man who complains of chest pressure that began the night before. He is conscious, but anxious, and tells you he has a history of angina and hypertension. After applying high-flow oxygen, you expose his chest to auscultate his lungs and note that he has a nitroglycerin patch on his right upper chest. His skin is cool and pale, his blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg, and his pulse is 110 beats/min and irregular. You should:

You are dispatched to a residence for a 56-year-old male with an altered mental status. Upon arrival at the scene, the patient's wife tells you that he complained of chest pain the day before, but would not allow her to call EMS. The patient is semiconscious; has rapid, shallow respirations; and has a thready pulse. You should:

You are dispatched to a convenience store for a patient who passed out. Upon arriving at the scene, you find two off-duty EMTs performing CPR on the patient, a 58-year-old male. Your initial action should be to: