Each of the following statements about severe and multiple disabilities is true
EXCEPT
a) A person with TBI can be expected, with time and care, to recover completely and
function without disabilities.
b) Many people with severe and multiple disabilities can now live independently or
semi-independently.
c) People who cannot speak can still carry on conversations.
d) Many people with severe and multiple disabilities can be employed outside of
sheltered workshops.
answer
A person with TBI can be expected, with time and care, to recover completely and
function without disabilities.
question
Each of the following statements about severe and multiple disabilities is true
EXCEPT
a) It includes individuals with disabilities who require extensive ongoing support in
more than one major life activity.
b) Nearly any severe disability will involve extensive ongoing support in more than
one major life activity.
c) People with a severe disability in any area typically have more than one disability.
d) Even combinations of mild disabilities do not constitute severe educational
problems.
answer
Even combinations of mild disabilities do not constitute severe educational
problems.
question
All low-incidence, severe, and multiple disabilities combined probably affect what
percentage of the population?
a) about 2%
b) less than 1%
c) about 3%
d) about 4%
answer
less than 1%
question
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common injuries of
a) children over 5 because of falls.
b) males over 30 because of vehicular accidents.
c) the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
d) adults over 20 because of risk-taking.
answer
the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
question
Each of the following is a feature of definitions of TBI EXCEPT
a) injury to the brain can be caused by a degenerative or congenital condition.
b) injury to the brain is caused by an external force.
c) there is a diminished or altered state of consciousness.
d) neurological or neurobehavioral dysfunction results from the injury.
answer
injury to the brain can be caused by a degenerative or congenital condition.
question
Brain damage caused by internal compression, stretching, or other shearing motion of
neural tissues within the head is due to
a) open head injuries.
b) external force.
c) closed head injuries.
d) degenerative conditions.
answer
closed head injuries.
question
Possible effects of TBI include each of the following EXCEPT
a) problems learning new information.
b) difficulty processing information.
c) sudden improvement in memory.
d) becoming easily tired.
answer
sudden improvement in memory.
question
Which statement about TBI is TRUE?
a) The age range in which TBI is most likely to occur in males is late adulthood.
b) Males are more prone to TBI than females are.
c) The age range in which TBI is most likely to occur in females is early childhood.
d) Females and males have about the same prevalence rate for TBI, with it most
likely occurring in late adolescence.
answer
Males are more prone to TBI than females are.
question
The prevalence of TBI has increased so much in recent years that
a) it is now sometimes referred to as a silent epidemic.
b) it is now considered a high incidence disability.
c) it has passed intellectual disabilities in prevalence.
d) the Center for Disease Control is lobbying Congress to make it mandatory that
those under the age of 21 wear helmets while driving automobiles.
answer
it is now sometimes referred to as a silent epidemic
question
Carl was three years old when he acquired TBI. Which of the following was the most likely cause of his brain injury?
a) He was accidentally shot by a playmate when showing off his father's gun.
b) He was violently shaken by a babysitter.
c) He was in a car that was hit by another car.
d) He had an accidental fall.
answer
He had an accidental fall
question
After age 5, and increasingly through adolescence, the primary cause of TBI is
a) assaults.
b) accidental falls.
c) vehicular accidents.
d) gunshot wounds.
answer
vehicular accidents.
question
Each of the following characteristics is an essential feature of appropriate education
for students with TBI EXCEPT
a) emphasis on catching up to academic content, rather than spending time trying to
develop basic cognitive skills.
b) assistance with transition from a hospital or rehabilitation center to the school.
c) educational procedures to help solve problems in focusing and sustaining attention
for long periods.
d) an IEP concerned with cognitive, social/behavioral, and sensory-motor domains.
answer
emphasis on catching up to academic content, rather than spending time trying to
develop basic cognitive skills.
question
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)
a) is a degenerative brain disease caused by repetitive trauma to the brain.
b) was over-diagnosed before the advent of sophisticated neuroimaging techniques.
c) manifests itself in adulthood but is the result of an undiagnosed concussion in
early childhood.
d) is largely a media-created condition.
answer
is a degenerative brain disease caused by repetitive trauma to the brain.
question
The greatest complicating factor in most students' return to school following TBI is
a) social skills.
b) physical appearance.
c) physical strength.
d) language or speech disorders.
answer
language or speech disorders
question
Concussions in organized sports
a) have decreased among females while increasing among males.
b) has increased in prevalence because of a greater awareness of their consequences
as well as an increase in actual injuries.
c) have decreased among females while increasing among males.
d) have decreased among males while increasing among females.
answer
has increased in prevalence because of a greater awareness of their consequences
as well as an increase in actual injuries.
question
Effective education and treatment for students with TBI often requires each of the
following EXCEPT
a) Avoid trying to develop a personal relationship.
B) Practice classroom behavior management techniques.
C) Engage in family therapy.
D) Arrange communication training.
answer
Avoid trying to develop a personal relationship.
question
Each of the following statements about the outcomes for individuals with deaf-blindness
is true EXCEPT
a) All interactions with adults and the environment should be viewed as learning
opportunities.
b) The quality and intensity of instruction the person receives is critical
c) The more severe the impairments, the greater the impact on a person's ability to
adapt.
d) Additional disabilities do not tend to increase the impact on a person's ability to
adapt.
answer
Additional disabilities do not tend to increase the impact on a person's ability to
adapt.
question
Each of the following is a feature of the federal government's definition of deaf-blindness
EXCEPT
a) visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye, with correction.
b) hearing impairment so severe that most speech cannot be heard, even with
amplification.
c) problems with vision and hearing that cause extreme difficulty in attaining
independence.
d) hearing impairment of 30 dB or greater in the better ear.
answer
hearing impairment of 30 dB or greater in the better ear.
question
All of the following are true about the prevalence of deaf-blindness EXCEPT
a) Many students with deaf-blindness also have other disabling conditions.
b) Obtaining an accurate prevalence rate is very difficult
c) There are more children who are deaf-blind than there are children who are blind.
d) There are more children who are deaf-blind than there are children who are deaf.
answer
There are more children who are deaf-blind than there are children who are blind.
question
All of the following syndromes are associated with deaf-blindness EXCEPT
a) Down syndrome.
b) CHARGE syndrome.
c) Usher syndrome.
d) Bright Eye syndrome.
answer
Bright Eye syndrome
question
All of the following are prenatal conditions that can result in deaf-blindness EXCEPT
a) German measles
b) rubella
c) coloboma
d) congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)
answer
congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)
question
The Acadian French of south Louisiana are known for
a) having a high incidence of Usher syndrome.
b) being the first cultural group to establish special schools for children with deafblindess.
c) ostracizing families with children who are deaf-blind.
d) believing that high levels of consumption of beignet doughnuts by pregnant
women can cause deaf-blindness in their babies.
answer
ostracizing families with children who are deaf-blind.
question
Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the British Petroleum oil spill in 2006 are associated
with which condition?
a) CHARGE syndrome
b) Usher syndrome
c) German measles
d) Down syndrome
answer
CHARGE syndrome
question
An inherited syndrome of deaf-blindness characterized by hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa is
a) Usher syndrome.
b) Asperger syndrome.
c) Down syndrome.
d) CHARGE syndrome.
answer
Asperger syndrome.
question
A syndrome that causes deaf-blindness and is characterized by a number of physical
defects, such as an abnormally shaped pupil, and results in difficulties in swallowing and breathing is
a) Usher syndrome.
b) Down syndrome.
c) Asperger syndrome.
d) CHARGE syndrome.
answer
Usher syndrome.
question
The fact that Usher syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder means that
a) both parents must carry the gene and there is a 50% chance of the child having the
syndrome.
b) one parent can carry the gene and there is a 25% chance of the child having the
syndrome.
c) both parents must carry the gene and there is a 25% chance of the child having the
syndrome
d) one parent can carry the gene and there is a 50% chance of the child having the
syndrome.
answer
both parents must carry the gene and there is a 25% chance of the child having the
syndrome
question
Which condition is associated with tunnel vision?
a) Down syndrome
b) Usher syndrome
c) CHARGE syndrome
d) Asperger syndrome
answer
Usher syndrome
question
Each of the following has been shown to sometimes cause deaf-blindness EXCEPT
a) rubella.
b) congenital cytomegalovirus.
c) meningitis.
d) allergic reaction to kombucha.
answer
allergic reaction to kombucha
question
Most authorities agree that the biggest obstacle faced by persons with deaf-blindness is
a) self-help skills.
b) accessing information.
c) navigating the environment.
d) communication.
answer
communication
question
The first person who was deaf-blind who was known to be taught language was
a) Helen Keller.
b) Samuel Howe.
c) Laura Bridgman.
d) Annie Sullivan.
answer
Laura Bridgman.
question
In addressing the needs of students with deaf-blindness, two principles that practitioners and parents should keep in mind are
a) incidental learning and structured routines.
b) direct instruction and structured routines.
c) direct instruction and variable routines.
d) indirect instruction and structured routines.
answer
direct instruction and structured routines.
question
Each of the following is an objective to help meet the needs of infants who are deaf-blind EXCEPT
a) identify predictable sequences within specific activities.
b) identify and use specific auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory, and kinesthetic cues to
help the infant anticipate familiar activities.
c) avoid using subroutines within specific activities as this leads to confusion.
d) create a predictable routine by identifying at least five daily activities that can be
scheduled in the same sequence each day.
answer
avoid using subroutines within specific activities as this leads to confusion.
question
Tactual signals that can convey a number of messages depending on the situation and context are
a) hand-under-hand guidance.
b) touch cues.
c) adapted signs.
d) tactual signs.
answer
touch cues.
question
An adaptation that may be used by a person who is deaf-blind to communicate with the public is
a) assistance cards.
b) braille notepads.
c) the long cane.
d) audio-recorded messages.
answer
assistance cards.
question
Most authorities agree that a student with Usher syndrome should
a) begin using braille and O & M training as soon as all sight is gone.
b) begin using braille while sighted, but wait for O & M training until all sight is
gone.
c) begin braille and O & M training while functioning as a seeing person.
d) begin O & M training while sighted, but wait until sight is gone to begin braille.
answer
begin braille and O & M training while functioning as a seeing person.
question
Any manual or electronic means by which a person who is unable to communicate
through normal speech can express wants and needs, share information, engage in
social closeness, or manage social etiquette is
a) facilitated communication.
b) augmentative or alternative communication.
c) manual communication.
d) applied functional communication.
answer
augmentative or alternative communication.
question
Major problems to be solved in helping individuals communicate in ways other than
signing include
a) determining whether the individuals are visual or auditory learners.
b) finding appropriate reinforcers.
c) selecting a vocabulary and giving them an effective, efficient means of indicating
elements in their vocabularies.
d) speech synthesizers.
answer
selecting a vocabulary and giving them an effective, efficient means of indicating
elements in their vocabularies.
question
Augmentative/alternative communication
a) relies on technological advances to maintain their effectiveness.
b) has been made obsolescent by nanotechnology.
c) is most effective when the person has speech articulation problems.
d) includes manual as well as electronic means of communication.
answer
includes manual as well as electronic means of communication.
question
Each of the following is a challenge particular to users of augmentative or alternative
communication (AAC) not faced by natural communicators EXCEPT
a) There are no systems that allow for expression of complex, abstract thoughts.
b) AAC is much slower.
c) Users of AAC who are not literate must rely on a vocabulary and symbols selected
by others.
d) AAC must be constructed to be useful in a variety of social contexts, allow
efficient communication without undue fatigue, and support learning of language
and academic skills.
answer
There are no systems that allow for expression of complex, abstract thoughts.
question
Any repetitive, stereotyped behavior that seems to have no immediately apparent
purpose is
a) self-mutilation.
b) self-stimulation.
c) tantrums.
d) self-injury.
answer
tantrums.
question
Each of the following statements about self-stimulation is true EXCEPT
a) The type of self-stimulation among those with disabilities is what differentiates it
from the norm.
b) It may take a wide variety of forms.
c) Nearly everyone engages in some form of self-stimulation.
d) Only the high rate, lack of subtlety, and social inappropriateness of disabling selfstimulation
differentiates it from the norm.
answer
The type of self-stimulation among those with disabilities is what differentiates it
from the norm.
question
Tantrums
a) are a form of self-torture.
b) inhibit socialization.
c) are best dealt with by not giving in and holding firm to expectations.
d) are the result of having poor self-concepts.
answer
inhibit socialization.
question
Shaunta's mother told her to pick up her stuffed bear and put it away. Shaunta threw
herself to the ground and began kicking and screaming. Shaunta's mom put the bear
away herself, telling Shaunta, "O.K, O.K., calm down." Shaunta quickly ended her
tantrum and returned to playing. Which statement is true?
a) The mother's behavior makes future tantrums less likely.
b) The mother's behavior reinforced the tantrum behavior.
c) The mother imposed an unreasonable demand on her child.
d) People with multiple severe disabilities should not be expected to do chore
answer
The mother's behavior reinforced the tantrum behavior.
question
The process of finding out why or under what circumstances problem behavior is
exhibited is called
a) positive behavioral support.
b) functional behavioral assessment.
c) functional support.
d) positive behavior management.
answer
functional behavioral assessment.
question
The process of identifying alternative, acceptable ways to communicate through
teaching more appropriate behaviors and/or changing the environment to reduce the
likelihood of prompting the undesirable behavior is
a) positive behavioral support.
b) functional behavioral assessment.
c) functional behavior analysis.
d) negative reinforcement.
answer
positive behavioral support.
question
Each of the following is considered a criterion essential for early intervention programs in special education EXCEPT
a) research-or value-based practices.
b) family-centered practices.
c) disregard for the principle of normalization.
d) chronologically age-appropriate practices.
answer
disregard for the principle of normalization.
question
Michelle is an early intervention specialist who works with families who have
children with severe disabilities. Although they are not proven to be effective by
research, she knows that she needs to provide individualized practices for each family,
communicate with family members in a non-paternalistic manner, and ensure that any
placement she recommends be safe and clean. These are examples of
a) multiculturally-based practices.
b) cross-disciplinary collaboration.
c) family-centered practices.
d) value-based practices.
answer
value-based practices.
question
Each of the following statements about early intervention is true EXCEPT
a) It is best to assume that all parents need to be educated about how to be better
parents to avoid overlooking a likely problem.
b) Someone in the program, or immediately available, should speak the family's
preferred language.
c) Professionals in related disciplines should work collaboratively, not
independently.
d) Developmentally appropriate practices should be balanced with practices that are
also chronologically age appropriate.
answer
It is best to assume that all parents need to be educated about how to be better
parents to avoid overlooking a likely problem.
question
Each of the following is an example of vocational training that would likely occur in
elementary school EXCEPT
a) learning to keep a schedule.
b) apprenticeships at different jobs.
c) performing work-like tasks.
d) building social skills.
answer
apprenticeships at different jobs.
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