Developmental Psychology 8-13

19 January 2023
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The body mass index (BMI) is the lowest of the life span at age?
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5
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According to your text, which of the following reflects the results of the correlation studies on the rates of obesity in children in New York City in 2004?
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There was a negative correlation between family income and obesity
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A child's appetite ____between the ages of 2 and 6
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Decreases
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The most common disease of young children in developed nations is?
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Early took decay
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The process through which axons become coated with a fatty substance that speeds up the transmission
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Myelination
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The part of the brain responsible for planning and analyzing matures during?
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Adolescence
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Impulsiveness and perseveration are similar in that they both represent
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An underdeveloped prefrontal cortex
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The area of the brain that is crucial in expressing and regulating emotions is the
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limbic system
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The most common cause(s) of death of children worldwide is(are)
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violence
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An example of tertiary prevention is?
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making laws against hit-and-run drivers
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Symptoms of maltreatment include
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Hypervigilance
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The impact of any child-rearing practice is affected by the
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Cultural context
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Preoperatinal intelligence differs from sensorimotor intelligence in that pre operational intelligence
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Goes beyond sense and motor skills
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To focus on one aspect of a situation and simultaneously excuse all others is called?
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Centration
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Generally speaking, which of the follow best explains why young children have difficulty thinking logically?
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Children in this age group tend to focus on single aspects of an object or situation
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Whereas Piaget saw cognitive development as a result of individual discovery, Vygotsky attributed it to:
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Social activities guided by others
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According to Vygotsky, guided participation requires that a child
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Interact with a mentor to accomplish a task
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According to Vygotsky, the internal dialogue that we have with ourselves either silently or out loud is referred to as:
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Private speech
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Preschoolers have a tendency to try to make up a reason why things that they see and hear occur. This tendency is known as:
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Theory-theory
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A person's understanding to the thoughts of other people is called:
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Theory of mind
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A critical-period view of language learning refers to
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The only time language can be learned
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A young child will have most difficult time understand words which:
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Express the relationships of place and time
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Over regularization occurs because children
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Assume their language always follows the rules they have learned thus far
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To find a good preschool, a parent should look for:
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Teachers responsive to children's needs; low teacher child ratios
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The preeminent psychosocial accomplishment between the ages of 2 and 6 is
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Learning when and how to express emotions
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According to Erikson, which of the following is typical of young children?
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An immodest self-concept
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____ is generally considered a more mature emotion than ___ because the former one comes from within the individual and demonstrates self awareness
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Guilt; shame
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An illness or disorder of the mind is referred to as:
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Psychopathology
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In active play, which of the following functions do peers provide?
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An audience, role models, and competition
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The four dimensions of parenting style are warmth, discipline,c communication, and physical contract
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Expectations for maturity
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The child most likely to have permissive parents is
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Paul, who is unhappy and lacks self-control
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One of the worst effects of the media on children is
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The interference with family life, language development, and emotional regulation
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An example of antisocial behavior is
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Mark intentionally knocks over Simon's blocks
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**An alternative to physical punishment that involves the parent talking to the child and helping the child to understand what he or she did wrong is:
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Induction
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Aggression used to obtain or retain a toy or other object is called
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Instrumental aggression
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Theorists who focus on children's understanding as opposed to observable behavior are
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Psychoanalytic theorists
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When you look at the rate of growth for children from ages 6 to 11, you see that
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Children grow more slowly than they did in early childhood
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Which of the following is the leading cause of gum disease, yellow teeth, and and breath?
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Tobacco use
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Which of the following is the biggest determinant of whether a child will develop healthy lifestyle habits?
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Having parents, teachers, and peers who demonstrate healthy lifestyle habits
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Which f the following health facts is seen in obese children?
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High blood pressure
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In which of the following cultures are the rates of increasing obesity among children the highest
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Groups that experienced food deprivation a few generations ago but now have plenty of food
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Which of the following is the primary reason why it is difficult to prevent and control childhood obesity?
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The causes are multifaceted and complex
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What does the textbook list as possibly "the most important intellectual accomplishment of the school-age child"?
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Learning to read
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The process by which thoughts and actions are repeated in sequence enough times to no longer require much conscious thought is called:
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Automatization
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Achievement tests are to aptitude tests as _____ is to ____
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knowledge; potential
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Having a developmental perspective on any special problem that a child might have makes it clear that the symptoms of the problem
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Change as the child grows older
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Most children with learning disabilities:
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will find effective strategies for coping with the disability
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In early childhood, autistic children have difficulty
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with communication
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According to Piaget, which of the following abilities do children gain during middle childhood?
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Logic
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Identify the statement that demonstrates the principle of reversibility
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Addition can be used to undo subtraction
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The information-processing theory likens many aspects of human thinking to the functioning of
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Computers
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New concepts are best learned if they are connected to
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Personal and cultural experiences
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Metacognition is
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thinking about thinking
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Increased cognitive flexibility, linguistic ability, and social awareness make it possible for school age children to:
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Understand jokes and metaphors
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Compared to children from middle-class families, a characteristic of language in children from low-SES families is that their
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grammer is simpler
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Children learn best if teaching reflects their
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Culture
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The approach in teaching a second language in which children spend the entire day instructed in the second language is referred to as the
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Immersion approach
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The issue of local control of curriculum and national standards is a controversial aspect of
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The No Child Left Behind Act
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The so-called reading wars are most specifically related to:
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Whole language vs. phonics
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The problem with smaller school classes is that:
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The research supporting their advantages is mixed
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Children's "increasing ability to regulate themselves, to take responsibility, and to exercise self control" all contribute to their sense
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autonomy
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According to Erikson's theory, children in middle school tend to judge themselves as either:
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Industrious or inferior
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During the school years, self esteem typically
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decreases
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Unrealistically high or low self-esteem correlates with
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increased aggression
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The child who weather severe family problems, even abuse, and somewhat remains unscathed in process is termed as
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resilient
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A major coping measure that helps children and families deal with problems and stress is
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Social Support
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Family structure refers to:
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Logal and genetic relationships of family members
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Compared with nuclear families, extended families typically
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involve more people
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Compared with single-parent homes, two parent homes usually have
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higher income
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School-age children would most admire:
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Malala, who was punished for not telling the teacher who threw a paper airplane
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Most bullies pick on
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members of their own sex
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A common characteristic of bullies is that they
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Lack empathy
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What period is the prime time for moral development
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Middle childhood
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The period when children's bodies become adult like is called
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puberty
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Body chemicals that regulate sleep, moods, hunger, and stress are called
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Hormones
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The biological events that being puberty involve a hormonal signal from the
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Hypothalamus
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During puberty, tester one increase
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In both males and females
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Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between hormones and emotions
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The relationship is reciprocal - that means that sometimes hormones trigger emotions, but emotions can trigger the release of hormones as well
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What is the name of the name of the hormone that is high at the onset of puberty and affects appetite, especially in girls
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Leptin
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Family conflict and stress
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May cause the early onset of puberty
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One reason adolescents' nutritional habits may be poor is
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Anxiety about their body image
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Which of the following is listed in your test as one of the general elements that lead to disordered eating?
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Cultural images
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A change that typically occurs during adolescent is
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The heart doubles in size and beats more slowly
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At what age does the brain become fully mature
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25
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In general, adolescent egocentrism refers to the
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View that one is noticed by everyone
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With is the name of the theorist who coined the terms personal fable and invincibility fable?
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Elkind
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The belief that one cannot be harmed by things that would hurt a normal person is referred to as"
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The invincibility fable
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Some developmentalists believe that adolescent egocentrism
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May single growth toward cognitive maturity
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One of the most prominent aspects of adolescent thought is the ability
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Think in terms of possibilities
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Recent research examining the development of formal logic had demonstrated that:
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Development may be far less stage like than Piaget believed
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Analytic thinking requires a certain level of
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Brain capacity, intellectual maturity and motivation
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Kaczynski's research found that logical thinking improved with age and education, but not with
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Measurements on intelligence test (IQ)
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With age, thinking becomes more
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efficient
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Whether adolescents stay in school or drop out is strongly influenced by their
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experience in middle school
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Developmentalists agree that adolescents learn best with
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Few changes in their lives
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According to extensive research, the ideal high school size is _____ to _____ students
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200; 400
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According to Erikson, the goal of adolescence is to
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form a coherent identity
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An example of identity foreclose is
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Going a religious cult
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Identity diffusion refers to the identity status in which adolescents
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have few commitments to goals or values and fail to take on any role
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During an identity moratorium, adolescents typically:
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attempt to fill the role they are in, but consider it temporary
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Sexual self-definition is comprised of three aspects
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gender identity, gender role, sexual orientation
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Bickering between parents and teenagers:
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usually concerns clothes and personal habits
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Parental monitoring is most lily to be effective and healthy when it is
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Part of a warm, supportive relationship
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Cliques and crowds provide adolescents with social
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control and social support
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Although adults may worry about close relationships that adolescents may have with the opposite sex or even with the same sex, an important value of close relationships in adolescence is that they:
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help establish identity and deal with cliques and crowds
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In general, as children become adolescents, their feelings of competence
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Decline
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Suicidal ideation refers to
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thinking about suicide
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An adolescence-limited offender is someone who
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Stops committing crimes by the age 21
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Every hazard of adolescence - including car crashes, unsafe sex, and parasuicide - is more common among teens who have
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taken psychoactive drugs
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Identify the accurate statement about adolescent suicide
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The adolescent rate in 2006 was double what it was in 1962