Cultural Anthropology Final

In many cultures, the social position of an individual in a specific life stage is commonly marked by each of the following except:

Mundurucu see the relations between the sexes as one of opposition and challenge. This is based on

All human societies have some division of labor along gender lines.

A society in which older people are treated with high levels of respect as repositories of great cultural wisdom and teachings is most likely to be associated with which of the following?

A formally established group of people born during a certain time span who move together through various life stages is called a(n)

Associations resulting from an act of joining because of similar activities and interests are called

All of the following are common reasons why women have traditionally been less involved in common-interest association than men except:

Although we see participation in common-interest associations declining in the US, there is an increased trend in participating on social media.

A society composed of several groups that differ in their access to resources and prestige is said to be

Which of the following is a special form of social class in which membership is determined by birth and remains fixed for life?

Social classes are closed in _____, where membership in hierarchically ranked groups known as castes is determined by birth and remains fixed for life according to social and religious mandates.

The word apartheid, the abolished racial segregation practice in South Africa, means _____ in Afrikaans/Dutch.

Until 1992, apartheid in South Africa was a means of:

All societies offer the chance of social mobility.

The ability to change one's class position is called

Politics is best defined as

Which of the following is not a form of political organization?

An egalitarian, autonomous group composed of related people who occupy a single region is called a

All of the following are characteristics of a band society except:

A chief can expect his authority to remain unchallenged during his lifetime, unlike the tonowi, who is in constant danger of being thrown down from his pedestal.

Tribal societies use all of the following types of political integration mechanisms except:

The tonowi of the Kapauku of New Guinea acquires political power by all of the following except

A ranked society in which every member has a position in the hierarchy and an individual's status is determined by membership in a descent group is called a

The imposition of obedience or submission by force or intimidation is called

Since their appearance some 5,000 years ago, states have proven to be stable political systems.

How is a theocracy distinct from a democracy and an aristocracy?

When the British imposed colonial rule on the Igbo of Nigeria,

externalized social controls.

_____ sanctions attempt to precisely and explicitly regulate people's behavior. They can be positive (such as military decorations) or negative (such as imprisonment).

Wape villagers avoid quarreling with each other because

Once two Inuit individuals are involved in a dispute and become peaceful by engaging in a singing contest, the affair is considered

Justifications for warfare are part of a society's worldview.

In cases of warfare in regions deemed strategically important or rich in natural resources, what additional action is also most likely to occur today?

The most widely known act of genocide in recent history was the attempt of the Nazis during World War II to kill European Jews and Roma.

Gandhi built a movement to fight colonial repression and injustice based on the concept of satyagraha. What did he mean by this term?

Anthropology examines spirituality and religion in terms of the society's

Religion serves various functions in society, including each of the following except:

A sacred narrative that explains the fundamentals of human existence is called a(n)

A people's collection of gods and goddesses is called a pantheon.

If religious belief reflects the structure of society, in which types of society would you expect to find widespread belief in ancestral spirits?

A full-time religious specialist formally recognized for his or her role in guiding the religious practices of others is called a(n)

The Shamanic Complex is

When an individual undergoes rituals to celebrate birth, puberty, and marriage, he or she is practicing

A rite of _____ serves to help groups get through crises such as drought or some other external threat to the survival of the group.

After the death of a famous movie star, auctions may be held of his or her personal belongings. A few years ago, the sale of a popular actor's shirt almost caused a riot among teenage girls who were bidding for it. The assumption that owning, touching, or wearing a person's shirt somehow puts you in touch with him could be used as an example of

Magic based on the assumption that things that are like each other somehow have a connection with each other and if you do something to one, it will affect the other, is called

Scapulamancy, pyromancy, chiromancy, and necromancy are all examples of

An explanation of misfortune based on the belief that certain individuals possess an innate, psychic power capable of causing harm, including sickness and death, is called

Religion, magic, and witchcraft are all similar in which of the following ways?

All of the following statements about pilgrimages are correct except:

Which of the following statements about revitalization movements is incorrect?

Vodou is an example of what type of religion?

A process of cultural change in which a population tends toward a nonreligious worldview is called

Among food foragers, religion tends to be inseparable from daily life.

Religion and spirituality are the same thing to anthropologists.

All peoples engage in artistic behavior as they use their imagination creatively to interpret, understand, and even enjoy life. The archaeological record suggests that humans have produced art for how many years?

The observation that all cultures include activities that provide aesthetic pleasure suggests all of the following except:

All of the following are approaches that anthropologists bring to the study of art except:

Tattoos communicate through all of the following except:

All of the following statements about tattoos are correct except:

Which of the following is not a common depiction of Bushmen rock art?

The interpretive approach to rock art among the Bushmen and all over southern Africa indicates a significant influence of

Legends, rhymes, jokes, chants, and dramas are all examples of which kind of art?

Semi-historical narratives that account for the deeds of heroes, the movements of peoples, and the establishment of local customs are called

The word "myth," as used by anthropologists, means something that is widely believed to be true but probably is not.

To some extent, in literate societies, the function of legends has been taken over by history

The significance of tales to anthropologists is partly in their distribution across cultures.

Americans are familiar with the story of Cinderella. Similar stories may be found throughout the world: a poor, beautiful girl, downtrodden by her stepmother, receives supernatural aid to win the hand of a noble prince who is searching for a bride. Although the circumstances differ (the girl may be a rural peasant or a servant in a great house, the supernatural helper may be a fairy godmother or a goldfish, the prince may belong to European feudalism or the Aztec empire), all the stories exhibit the same basic

The "little songs" of the Bedouin are an outlet for taboo thoughts because they

The study of music in its cultural setting is called

All of the following are functions of art except:

During the Washington Peace March in the '60s, thousands of people sang the song, "We Shall Overcome." This song expressed a feeling of common purpose to counteract repression and reform society. It created a sense of unity among the diverse members of the crowd. This example illustrates which of the following functions of music?

Music plays an important role in cultural preservation.

Oral tradition helps Aborigines claim extensive indigenous land ownership.

Art often plays a role in indigenous rights efforts.

All of the following statements about cultural change are correct except:

The chance discovery of some new principle that can be applied in a variety of ways is called a(n)

The deliberate use of basic ideas in some practical application, such as making use of the knowledge of how electricity works to develop the telephone, is called a secondary innovation.

According to the North American anthropologist Ralph Linton, about 90% of any culture's content comes from

Which of the following statements about diffusion is incorrect?

In Biblical times, chariots and carts were widespread in the Middle East, but by the 6th century, the old Roman roads had deteriorated so much that wheeled vehicles were replaced by camels. This illustrates that the processes of change is sometimes due to cultural loss.

When two societies with different cultures come into prolonged, first-hand contact, and one or both of these societies experience major processes of change, it is called

Acculturation differs from other types of processes of change because it always involves an element of improvement.

Diffusion can occur without acculturation.

As a result of prolonged first-hand contact between societies A and B, which of the following is least likely to occur?

The violent eradication of an ethnic group's collective cultural identity is called

A typical policy associated with ethnocide is to outlaw a cultural group's language.

In acculturation, subordinate groups will often incorporate new cultural elements into their own culture, creating a blend of old and new. A reinterpretation of new cultural elements to fit them with already existing traditions is called

The British introduced cricket to "civilize" the Trobriand Islanders. What happened?

A spiritual movement in reaction to disruptive contact with Western capitalism is also called a(n)

Which of the following is not a phase typically associated with revitalization movements?

Which of the following is a primary difference between an insurgency and a revolution?

An organized armed resistance or violent uprising to an established government or authority is called an insurgency.

The term "modernization"

Which strategy did the Jivaroan-speaking Shuar of Ecuador not use to preserve their culture?

Over the past 5,000 years, political units have

Historical evidence supports the idea that a global culture will eliminate conflict.

The one thing that all pluralistic states, past and present, irrespective of other differences among them, share is a tendency

Multiculturalism is a public policy for managing cultural diversity in a multi-ethnic society.

Multiculturalism involves all of the following except:

Of all the world's states, ____ is one of the very few where pluralism really has worked out to the satisfaction of all parties to the arrangement.

One of the consequences of the development of global culture has been

Xenophobia tends to occur during very specific situations. Which of the following is least likely to cause xenophobia?

Coercive power that is backed up by economic and military force is called

The use of propaganda as a way of exerting influence over others is soft power.

Social media is a type of "soft power."

All of the following statements about megacorporations are correct except:

In their search for cheap labor, global corporations have tended to favor immigrants for low-skilled assembly jobs.

So great is the power of global corporations that they increasingly hamper the wishes of governments.

What is the "Gini Index"?

On the Gini Index, China rates currently at the highest level of disparity.

Worldwide, about 1 billion people live in what would be classified as "slums."

Current projections say that global population will peak around the year

The demand by "developed" countries for such items as coffee, tea, chocolate, bananas, and beef has led to

The change from subsistence farming to cash crops leads to economic improvement in the countries that make this change.

According to the World Watch Institute in Washington, D.C., more than 1.1 billion people in the world are now overweight or even obese.

There are just under 200 formally admitted members of the U.N. today, but there are approximately ____ national groups that consider themselves distinct because of birth and cultural and territorial heritage.

In 2007, after many years of campaigning in the international media, political lobbying, and diplomatic pressure, the United Nations General Assembly passed the

In their work of meeting the challenges of globalization in human communities, anthropologists are ____, meaning they take into account many interacting factors to understand the functioning of a complex whole.

The primary role of anthropologists in addressing the challenges of globalization is to document the native peoples who are disappearing.

Current projections say that global population will peak around the year

Tattoos communicate through all of the following except: