Alphabetic symbols, numeric symbols, special symols, certain control operations.
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Alphanumeric Codes
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Codes that are used to represent characters.
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ASCII
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(7 Bits) American Standard Code for Information Interchange
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Unicode
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(16 Bits) Unicode Standard provides encoding for English characters, foreign characters, punctuation, math symbols, technical symbols, geometric shapes, and dingbats.
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Error Detection
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Methods used to detect errors in transmission of binary information.
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Error Detecting Codes
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Codes that provide some level of error detection; do not necessarily detect all errors.
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Parity Bit
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An additional bit appended to a transmission so that the number of 1's in a code group is even or odd, depending on the parity rule in use (Even Parity, Odd Parity).
Single and Triple Errors are detectable, because an odd number of incorrect bits will alter the code group's parity.
Double errors are non-detectable, because an even number of incorrect bits will not alter the code group's parity.
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Error Detecting Capability
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1 less than the *minimum* number of errors that a code cannot always detect.
Parity Bit would be single error detecting, because the minimum error it cannot detect would be 2 bits; 2-1 = 1 = Single Error Detecting.
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Distance (between Code Groups)
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Given the code groups for two characters in some coding scheme, it is the number of bits that must be changed in the first code group and the second code group.
Basically the number of bits that need to be changed to get from one code group to the next.
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Error Detecting Capability (D)
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D = (minimum distance) - 1
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Error Correction (C)
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The relationship between the minimum distance of a code and its error-detecting and correcting capabilities.
C + D = M-1, where CโคD
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Hamming Code
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Single error-correcting code; code group contains coded bits and parity bits.
7654321=bโbโbโpโbโpโpโ
pโ: even over 1,3,5,7
pโ: even over 2,3,6,7
pโ: even over 4,5,6,7
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