Chpt. 5

Humans can digest a carbohydrate if the glucose bond is a. an alpha bond b. a beta bond c. a gamma bond d. a peptide

The best type of fiber to eat for reducing constipation is a. glycogen b. crude fiber c. soluble fiber d. insoluble fiber

Why is excess sugar consumption discouraged? a. it may cause dental caries b. it may cause weight gain c. it lacks dietary fiber d. all of these choices are correct

Low blood glucose is called _____, whereas high blood glucose is called _____. a. hypoglecemia; hyperglycemia b. metabolic syndrome; hyperglycemia c. hypoglycemia; polydipsia d. hyperglycemia; hypoglycemia

The energy value of dietary carbohydrates is ____ kcal per gram a. 4 b. 7 c. 9 d. 15

The human brain and other nerve tissues use mostly ______ as fuel. a. fructose b. protein c. ethanol d. glucose

Which of the following combinations of foods would provide the most dietary fiber? a. Kidney bean salad, turkey sandwich on whole wheat bread, fresh apple, milk b. Ham sandwich on white bread, potato chips, iced tea c. Roast beef, mashed potatoes, coffee with sugar d. Cheeseburger (white bun, lettuce, mustard, catsup, slice of tomato, 3 oz ground beef, processed cheese slice), French fries, soft drink

Ketosis may result in a. starvation b. a diet of less than 50-100 grams of carbohydrates per day c. untreated diabetes mellitus d. all of these choices are correct

Once absorbed into the body, the majority of carbohydrates are ultimately transformed into glucose by the a. muscle tissue b. liver c. pancreas d. brain cells

While _____ suppresses gluconeogenesis, _____ increases glycogen breakdown. a. glucagon; insulin b. insulin; glucagon c. insulin; glucose d. cortisol; glucagon

When increasing fiber intake, always a. take a fiber supplement b. increase fluids c. use simple carbohydrates d. increase protein intake also

Which combination of foods would be highest in complex carbohydrates a. cola, potato chips, chicken-salad sandwich b. spaghetti with marinara sauce, broccoli, dinner roll, milk c. coffee, crisp bacon, fried egg, orange drink d. chipped beef and gravy

The body is capable of making glucose from non-carbohydrate nutrients, such as protein, by a process referred to as a. glycogenesis b. glycolysis c. gluconeogenesis d. ketosis

The storage form of carbohydrates in plants is a. maltose b. starch c. glycogen d. ribose

The principal sugar found in milk is a. sucrose b. lactose c. dextrose d. maltose

The enzyme sucrase breaks down sucrose into a. glucose + glucose b. lactic acid c. glucose + fructose d. glucose + maltose

The sugar alcohol commonly used to sweeten chewing gum and candy is a. corn syrup b. dextrin c. invert sugar d. sorbitol

Primary lactose maldigestion results from a. lactase insufficiency b. drinking lactose-fortified milks c. bacteria inhabiting the small intestine d. living in such locations as Mexico, China, Africa, or the Mediterranean

Another name for glucose is a. sorbitol b. dextrose c. levulose d. maltose

Glucose, galactose, and fructose a. are disaccharides b. are soluble fibers c. are monosaccharides d. are polysaccharides

Of the total day's energy intake, most dietary guidelines recommend that carbohydrates provide _____ of energy. a. 10-15% b. 20-35% c. 45-65% d. 70-75%

Three important disaccharides are a. lactose, fructose, and maltose b. fructose, glucose, and galactose c. maltose, sucrose, and lactose d. sucrose, fructose, and glycogen

Normal blood glucose levels range between a. 40 and 70 mg/dL b. 70 and 100 mg/dL c. 125 and 140 mg/dL d. 200 and 300 mg/dL

In the production of alcoholic beverages, maltose is formed from cereal grains because of the a. germination of grains b. condensation of sugars c. fermentation of stachyose d. hydrolysis of simple sugars

The three elements in simple sugar are a. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen b. carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen c. carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur d. carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen