Chp.25 Digestive System

The digestive system processes food, extracts nutrients, and eliminates the residue.

The enteric nervous system regulates much of the digestive activity, but its action depends on the central nervous system.

Odor, sight, and taste stimulate salivatory nuclei in the cerebral cortex.

Enamel is found in the crown of a tooth, whereas dentin is part of both the crown and the root.

Both chemical and mechanical digestion start in the mouth and continue in the stomach.

Gastric juice consists entirely of water and hydrochloric acid.

Absorption of many nutrients starts in the stomach.

The liver is the body's largest gland.

Both pancreatic juice and bile are secreted into the duodenum.

The small intestine begins with the duodenum, which is its longest segment.

The brush borders of intestinal absorptive cells contain numerous goblet cells.

Most fat is digested by pancreatic lipase.

Chylomicrons are secreted from the basal surface of the absorptive cells and taken into the lacteal in the villus.

The large intestine absorbs water, fats, and salts.

The large intestine is longer than the small intestine.

The physiological process that moves a nutrient from the outside of the body to the inside is called __________.

The serous membranes that suspend the stomach and intestines from the abdominal wall are called __________.

The layer that is responsible for the motility that propels food and residue through the digestive tract is called the __________.

The outermost layer of the digestive tract, which is composed of a thin layer of areolar tissue and simple squamous epithelium, is called the __________.

Which of the following nutrients must be digested in order to be absorbed?

Which of the following is not an accessory organ of digestion?

Each of the following lists some of the tissue layers of the digestive tract. Which one has them in correct order from lumen to external surface?

The small intestine is suspended from the abdominal wall by the ___________.

An example of chemical digestion is the break down of __________ into __________.

The __________ regulates digestive tract motility, secretion, and blood flow. Its neurons are found in the __________.

The surface of the tongue is covered with __________ stratified squamous epithelium, and has bumps called __________, where many taste buds can be found.

Infants have __________ deciduous teeth, whereas adults have __________ permanent teeth.

Which of the following is the correct list of tooth anatomy from the most superficial to the deepest?

Which of the following is not normally found in saliva?

The __________ gland is an extrinsic salivary gland, whereas the __________ gland is an intrinsic salivary gland.

The swallowing center is located in the __________.

The oral phase of swallowing is under __________ control and the pharyngo-esophageal phase is __________.

Acid reflux into the esophagus ("heartburn") is normally prevented by __________.

The __________ regulates the flow of contents from the stomach to the duodenum.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is secreted by __________ cells.

Necessary for Vitamin B12 absorption, __________ is/are secreted by __________ cells.

Pepsinogen is produced by __________ and is activated by __________, which is secreted by __________.

Several digestive enzymes are secreted as zymogens because __________.

The enterogastric reflex serves to __________.

__________ is a hormone, whereas __________ is an enzyme.

The __________ phase is associated with food stretching the stomach and activating myenteric and vagovagal reflexes, which in turn stimulate gastric secretions.

The __________ stores excess glucose and releases it into the blood when needed.

A hepatic triad consists of __________.

Of the following components of bile, only __________ has/have a digestive function.

The __________ synthesizes bile acids by metabolizing __________.

Pancreatic enzymes are secreted in response to a hormone called __________.

Which of the following is not a component of the pancreatic juice?

Which of the following nutrients is absorbed by the lacteals of the small intestine?

Which of the following enzymes functions at the lowest pH?

Contact digestion takes place in/at the __________.

Which of the following is not associated with the large absorptive surface of the small intestine?0-2013

Which of the following statements regarding the migrating motor complex is true?

The __________ of the small intestine is/are similar to the __________ of the stomach.

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the __________, whereas protein digestion begins in the __________.

The enzyme(s) called __________ break(s) down the substrate called __________.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the sodium-glucose transport protein (SGLP)?

Amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the __________, and fatty acids are absorbed in the __________.

Lecithin prepares fats for hydrolysis by forming __________.

Which of the following is the proper sequence by which proteins are digested by different enzymes?

Lipids are transported to the surface of the intestinal absorptive cells by __________, and are then processed into __________.

The three most abundant classes of nutrients are __________.

The muscle tone of the __________ along the colon contracts it lengthwise, causing its walls to bulge and form pouches called __________.

Which of the following is not a process carried out by bacterial flora?

Bacteria constitute about __________% of the dry weight of the feces.

Defecation is stimulated by __________.

The enzyme that catalyzes the first step reaction in HCl production by gastric parietal cells is called __________.

Which of the following is not a function of gastric hydrochloric acid (HCl)?

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between the mucosa of the small and large intestines?

Which of the following is not a trigger for mass movements of the colon?

The movement of colonic contents from one puckered section to another is called __________.