Chp 14 Origin Of Species Practice Test

Microevolution is _____. (ebook Module 14.1) dramatic changes that take place over long periods of time speciation changes in the gene pool of a population from one generation to the next evolution on a molecular level

The _____ species concept is the most applicable to classifying species from the fossil record. (ebook Module 14.2) ecological morphological phylogenetic biological

When a horse and a donkey mate, they produce infertile hybrids called mules. According to the _____ species concept, horses and donkeys are _____. (ebook Module 14.2) biological ... the same species biological ... different species ecological ... different species ecological ... the same species

Two species of clams inhabit the same marine habitat along the Atlantic coast. One releases gametes into the water in early spring, and the second species releases gametes into the water in late summer. Which type of reproductive barrier is at work between these species? (ebook Module 14.3) habitat isolation temporal isolation reduced hybrid viability gametic isolation

Two rodent populations become separated when a large canyon develops in a previously unbroken forest. When is allopatric speciation between the two populations complete? (ebook Module 14.4) When the two populations evolve to develop recognizably different physical traits, you would definitely have two separate biological species. When the two populations evolve to be different enough that they are incapable of interbreeding successfully when given the opportunity to do so under natural conditions, allopatric speciation is complete. When gene flow stops between the two populations (the species is incapable of crossing the canyon), allopatric speciation is complete and you have two separate species. As soon as gene flow is reduced between the two populations, they are properly considered separate species.

Which population would be most likely to undergo relatively rapid allopatric speciation? (ebook Module 14.4) A group of birds develops a unique set of mating preferences so that they are unlikely to mate with other birds of the same species in the same geographic area. A population of flowering plants lives along the shore of a pond about one kilometer from the nearest neighboring population. Hummingbirds regularly fly back and forth across this distance and transport pollen between the two populations. A population of snakes becomes separated from other populations on a very large island that is formed by rising sea levels. Occasionally, a snake or two swims from the mainland to the island or from the island to the mainland. A group of wild horses is transported from Wyoming to a small desert island, previously without horses, off the coast of California. No additional horses reach the island thereafter.

Which of the following statements about reproductive barriers and speciation is true?(ebook Module 14.5) Speciation can occur with even a single gene mutation if that mutation involves reproductive barriers. Reproductive barriers can arise in the absence of geographic isolation, but the process of speciation would be slow and take many generations. Reproductive barriers can arise only when populations are geographically separated. Populations can split into separate species even in the absence of reproductive barriers.

Which type of organism is most likely to undergo sympatric speciation by polyploidy? (ebook Module 14.6) plant species that are capable of self-pollination and some degree of asexual reproduction animal species with poor dispersal abilities whose populations exist in widely separated, small patches of habitat animals, particularly those with highly selective females that select mates based on exaggerated traits plant species that are incapable of asexual reproduction and do not self-pollinate

A diploid cell in a plant undergoes chromosome duplication but fails to divide properly, initiating a tetraploid (4n) branch. This branch produces a 4n flower. What can happen next? (ebook Module 14.6) The tetraploid (4n) flower produces 2n gametes and may then be able to self-pollinate to produce fertile 4n offspring. The 4n flower produces 1n (haploid) gametes, which then cross-fertilize with gametes from the original diploid parent species to produce fertile offspring. The 4n flower produces 2n gametes, which then cross-fertilize with gametes from the original diploid parent species to produce fertile offspring. The 4n flower produces 4n (tetraploid) gametes, which then self-fertilize to produce fertile offspring.

How is modern bread wheat related to wheat found in mid eastern farms 10,000 years ago? (ebook Module 14.7) Modern bread wheat has the same number of chromosomes as wheat found in mideastern farming villages 10,000 years ago and researchers believe it is a direct descendant of that wheat. Modern bread wheat has larger seeds and more seed heads than ancient wheat, but it has fewer chromosomes than wheat from mideastern farming villages from 10,000 years ago. Modern bread wheat is the product of several instances of hybridization of wheat species including wheat found in mideastern farms 10,000 years ago. Development of modern wheat also involved errors in cell division and self fertilization. Modern bread wheat has only one of each of three ancestral sets of chromosomes.

In which of the following situations is adaptive radiation least likely to occur? (ebook Module 14.8) The dominant organisms in an area become extinct. A species has flexible morphological structures that lend themselves to specialization. A new island chain forms far from shore and is reached by a few groups of long-distance colonists. A species with inflexible morphological traits finds itself in a species-rich, highly competitive environment.

When populations of closely related pied flycatchers and collared flycatchers live in different geographic areas, the males of both species look a lot alike. However, when populations of the two species share a common geographic area, there are significant differences in the appearance of the two species. What conclusions might you draw from this situation? (ebook Module 14.10) Even though the colors of the males of the two species are very similar in the geographically isolated populations, you would expect that when researchers performed mate-choice experiments, females would never chose males from the wrong species. This is a case of random variation within the population. This is a case where hybrid offspring of the two species are less fit than either of the parent species. In the geographic areas where the populations overlap, natural selection has reinforced color differences that serve as reproductive barriers between the two species. Hybrid offspring of the two species are more fit than either of the parent species. Eventually the two hybridizing species will fuse into one.

Scientists have found as many as 500 species of fish in the African Lake Victoria. What can account for this high level of diversity in a single habitat? (ebook Module 14.10) Lake Victoria has a variety of environments such as rocky shores and muddy bottoms; this environment heterogeneity promotes speciation. Lake Victoria is a very ancient lake; therefore, there has been more time for a variety of species to evolve. A typical value of diversity for a lake the size of Lake Victoria is 500 fish species. Lake Victoria is located near the equator; therefore, it has great biodiversity, like the rainforests in South America.

4 ways to define a species BMEP

biological morphological ecological phylogenic

2 types of reproductive barriers

prezygotic barries (5) habitat gametic temporal behavioral mechanical

adaptive speciation

sympatric speciation

polyploidy

adaptive radiation