Explain what a saturated solution is and give an example.
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A saturated solution is one that has the maximum amount of solute in the 100 grams of water at that temperature. When looking at a solubility graph this solution falls directly on the line. No solute will be found on the bottom of the container. Salt added to 100 g of water.
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Explain on a particle basis how the addition of a solute affects the boiling point:
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Additional attractive forces exist between solute and solvent; they must be overcome for the solution to boil, KE must be added to overcome these forces.
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Explain on a particle basis how the addition of a solute affects the freezing point:
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More KE must be withdrawn from a solution because the solute particles are surrounded by solvent molecules.
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Explain on a particle basis how the addition of a solute affects the vapor pressure lowering:
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The formation of solvent shells around the solute particles reduces the number of solvent particles that have sufficient KE to vaporize.
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Compare and contrast molarity and molality:
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Molarity is a quantitative measure of the concentration of a solution. It is defined as the # of moles of solute present in 1 L of solution. Molality is also a quantitative measure of the concentration of a solution. It is defined as the # of moles of solute present in 1 kg of solvent. Molarity is a ratio of moles of solute to 1 L of solution. Molality is a ratio of moles of solute to 1 kg of solvent.
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