Chapter 9: Race

The story about the author "kidnapping" another child to become his new baby sister shows:

Although race has no deterministic, biological basis, it still:

Race is not a fixed biological or natural reality; rather, it is:

An 1851 excerpt from Harper's Weekly magazine describes a certain racial group as lawbreaking, idle, thriftless, poor, and barbarian. What group is this excerpt describing?

Which term refers to the belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal traits?

When the term race comes up in America today, we usually think in two colors:

America's first naturalization law, passed in 1790, granted citizenship to:

Which act formalized the exclusive definition of whiteness by imposing immigration restrictions based on a national origins quota system that limited the yearly number of immigrants from each country?

Modern racial thinking developed in the mid-seventeenth century in parallel with three global changes. Which of the following is one of these global changes?

European Christians and scientists interpreted the curse that Noah put on his son Ham to mean that Ham:

In the nineteenth century, theories of race moved from religious-based racism to:

In ancient Egypt, physical markers were linked to:

Hippocrates believed that physical markers such as skin color were the result of:

The concept of race:

Aristotle's principle of civic association was that the true test of people's worth was in what they did, not who they were. All people were included in this EXCEPT:

The term phrenology refers to:

Based on measurements of skull bumps, Blumenbach came up with five principal varieties of:

Which of the five varieties of humans did Blumenbach decide were the superlatives of the races based on their excellent skull qualities?

Under Johann Caspar Lavater's theory of ____________, people with light skin were thought to have higher intellect.

Swiss theologian Johann Caspar Lavater suggested that outside appearances were connected to inner virtues. According to him, which of the following features signified higher intellect and more worthy character?

Reverend Samuel Stanhope Smith's proposal that skin color should be viewed as a product of climate and therefore not correlated to inner virtues (e.g., intelligence, character, personality) suggests that he felt:

Ethnocentrism classified nonwhites as abnormal and inferior to help justify:

Comte de Buffon's classification schemes assumed that anyone who differed from the following group was abnormal:

Ontological equality is the notion that:

Social Darwinism was the evolutionary notion of:

Which group believed that humans were one species, united under God?

Which group believed that different races were distinct species?

Which group did Darwin side with, claiming that the notion of different species of humans was absurd?

Which of the following terms hinges on the belief that social and psychological traits can be traced through bloodlines and selectively bred out of (or into) populations?

Eugenics literally means:

Which group, led by Sir Francis Galton, believed that negative traits such as criminality were passed through bloodlines and could be bred out?

H. H. Goddard used his tests on what group to generalize about immigrant populations?

ativists believed that restricting the immigration of certain groups would:

Because the German Nazis could not find a reliable marker to identify Jews, the Jews were forced to:

The one-drop rule asserts that just "one drop" of black blood makes:

The genetic variation that corresponds with geographic origins is much ____________ than people commonly believe.

The 2004 General Social Survey asked respondents why, on average, African Americans have worse jobs, income, and housing than white people. Nearly half of the respondents believed that blacks:

From the 1920s to the 1940s, the United States began to focus more on cultural theories of race and ethnicity, thus rejecting:

Miscegenation refers to:

Who was one of the first sociologists to point out the importance of culture in determining race?

What is the group that displays no physical distinctions from Japanese citizens but is believed by the Japanese to be a descendant of a less-human race than the Japanese nation as a whole?

The comparison between the Burakumin and the Japanese shows that race is:

Muslims in America have undergone what scholars refer to as the formation of a new racial identity in which new ideological boundaries of difference are drawn around a formerly unnoticed group of people, known as:

In 1942, 120,000 Japanese Americans were sent by federal order to internment camps. Afterward, all Asian Americans (regardless of their country of origin and/or U.S. citizenship status) went from being a relatively unnoticed group to being singled out for discrimination. This is known as:

Most Arabs in the United States are not Muslim but ____________, and about 20 percent of U.S. Muslims are ____________.

Some Muslims have been in North America since the seventeenth century, when they were transported from:

About 35 percent of Muslims worldwide were born in:

What allows one to identify with a nationality without the rights and duties of a citizen?

The differences between race and ethnicity underscore the privileged positions of ____________ in America, who have the freedom to pick and choose their identities and freely show their ethnic backgrounds.

Compared with 11 percent of the U.S. population as a whole, around 33 percent of Native Americans die before age:

Which minority group has the highest percentage of males in prison?

Afro-Caribbeans such as Cubans, Haitians, and Jamaicans sometimes resent being unilaterally categorized as African American, because these immigrant groups:

The majority of the Latinos in the United States come from:

The majority of Latinos in the United States have immigrated here within the last ____________ years.

Mexicans are generally classified as a physical type that combines Native American and European traits and referred to as:

In 1902, the United States barred immigration from what country, because its people were seen as a threat to the American-born labor force?

Asians have been applauded for their smooth assimilation and are referred to as:

In one study of television portrayals of Arabs, researchers found basic myths that continue to surround this group, such as:

According to Nell Irvin Painter, author of The History of White People, white people:

According to Peggy McIntosh (1988), which of the following statements about "being white" is most accurate?

Robert Park's model explains the universally progressive pattern in which immigrants arrive, settle in, and achieve full assimilation in a newly homogeneous country. His model is called:

Clifford Geertz used what term to describe the fact that ethnic ties remained even after people assimilated?

A society is pluralistic if no distinct ethnic group is statistically:

The 1896 Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson upheld:

The legal or social practice of separating people on the basis of their race or ethnicity is referred to as:

The Supreme Court's landmark 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education struck down what doctrine?

The black ghetto was manufactured by whites through a set of deliberate, conscious practices, such as:

Which term refers to the mass killing of a particular population?

African Americans often turn to ____________ when they are attempting to be accepted by the dominant group.

Which term refers to the more overt form of resistance through a movement such as revolution or genocide or through nonviolent protest?

During the mid-twentieth century in the United States, many blacks moved north to escape Jim Crow laws in the rural South. This resulted in:

Thoughts and feelings (usually negative) about an ethnic or racial group are referred to as:

Prejudice is to discrimination as thinking is to:

Japanese internment camps resulted in:

The policy section on "reverse migration" in your textbook argues that the first step to domestic immigration reform should be to: