Econ Test 2

25 July 2022
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Which of the following constitutes an implicit cost to the Johnston Manufacturing Company?
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Use of savings to pay operating expenses instead of generating interest income
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Implicit and explicit costs are different in that
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the former refer to nonexpenditure costs and the latter to monetary payments.
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Accounting profits equal total revenue minus
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total explicit costs.
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An explicit cost is
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a money payment made for resources not owned by the firm itself.
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Accounting profits are typically
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greater than economic profits because the former do not take implicit costs into account.
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Economic profits are calculated by subtracting
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explicit and implicit costs from total revenue.
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Normal profit is
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the return to the entrepreneur when economic profits are zero.
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Suppose that a business incurred implicit costs of $200,000 and explicit costs of $1 million in a specific year. If the firm sold 4,000 units of its output at $300 per unit, its accounting profits were
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$200,000 and its economic profits were $0.
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The basic characteristic of the short run is that
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the firm does not have sufficient time to change the size of its plant.
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To economists, the main difference between the short run and the long run is that
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in the long run all resources are variable, while in the short run at least one resource is fixed.
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Marginal product is
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the change in total output attributable to the employment of one more worker.
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Marginal product
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may initially increase, then diminish, and ultimately become negative.
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Fixed cost is
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any cost which does not change when the firm changes its output
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Marginal cost is the
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change in total cost that results from producing one more unit of output
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Suppose that, when producing 10 units of output, a firm's AVC is $22, its AFC is $5, and its MC is $30. This firm's
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total cost is $270
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A purely competitive seller is
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price taker
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Which idea is inconsistent with pure competition?
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product differentiation
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Which of the following is a reason why individual firms under pure competition would not find it gainful to advertise their product?
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firms produce a homogeneous product
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Which of the following statements is correct?
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The demand curve for a purely competitive firm is perfectly elastic, but the demand curve for a purely competitive industry is downsloping.
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A competitive firm in the short run can determine the profit-maximizing (or loss-minimizing) output by equating
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marginal revenue and marginal cost
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The MR = MC rule applies
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to firms in all types of industries
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The MR = MC rule can be restated for a purely competitive seller as P = MC because
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each additional unit of output adds exactly its price to total revenue.
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Assume the XYZ Corporation is producing 20 units of output. It is selling this output in a purely competitive market at $10 per unit. Its total fixed costs are $100 and its average variable cost is $3 at 20 units of output. This corporation
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is realizing an economic profit of $40.
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A purely competitive firm's short-run supply curve is
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upsloping and equal to the portion of the marginal cost curve that lies above the average variable cost curve.
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Suppose you find that the price of your product is less than minimum AVC. You should
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close down because, by producing, your losses will exceed your total fixed costs.
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If a purely competitive firm shuts down in the short run,
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it will realize a loss equal to its total fixed costs.
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In the short run, a purely competitive firm will always make an economic profit if
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P > ATC
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Which market model assumes the least number of firms in an industry?
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pure monopoly
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In which market model would there be a unique product for which there are no close substitutes?
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Pure monopoly
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Mutual interdependence would tend to limit control over price in which market model?
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oligopoly
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In which two market models would advertising be used most often?
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monopolistic competition and oligopoly
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In which market model are the conditions of entry into the market easiest?
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Pure competition
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Local electric or gas utility companies mostly operate in which market structure?
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pure monopoly
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The fast-food restaurant industry in a large city would be an example of which market model?
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monopolistic competition