Chapter 9: Language

In the lexical decision task, participants have to:

The most fundamental difference between human and animal language is the presence or absence of a ________ for combining words.

Alex the Parrot's language abilities included the ability to:

Alex the parrot and Washoe the chimp demonstrated that:

B.F. Skinner proposed that all of language is learned based on:

Noam Chomsky proposed that:

Noam Chomsky's argument that some language capabilities must be innate because the rules of grammar are often ambiguous just based on examples is called:

The children of pidgin speakers take the broken language of their parents and turn it into a fully expressive new language, called a creole. This is an example of:

Deaf isolates, who can't hear but are not exposed to any real sign language,

Language learning begins:

Child-Directed Speech (CDS), or Infant Directed Speech (IDS) is best described as:

Motherese, or any form of child-directed speech, is necessary to develop language.

The word "bananas" has how many morphemes?

Using the Phonemic Restoration Effect, Warren (1970) found that most participants did not notice when the 's' sound in the word 'legislature' was removed and replaced with the sound of someone coughing. He suggested this occurred because there was a ____________ effect.

A challenge during language processing that occurs when we speak because we do not pause between words in a sentence.

Words such as 'ate' and 'eight' or 'son and 'son'; examples of English words that sound the same but have different meanings.

Using the lexical decision task, Swinney (1979) questioned whether the brain entertains, and therefore activates the multiple meanings of a word, such as bug (as in insect and a spying device). He found that:

This principle states that we tend to attach incoming words to the phrase we are currently processing rather than assuming they belong to a different phrase that is still coming up.

Trueswell and colleagues (1994) used __________ to see whether participants had to go back and reanalyze sentences that contained parsing ambiguity.

Tenehaus et al. (1995) presented participants with sentences about apples and towels while tracking their eye movements. It was found that ____ ambiguity can be overcome by the contextual environment.

Prosody is _____ sounds are produced.

If you were studying neurolinguistics, which research tool would you most likely use?

Linguistic __________ believe(s) that language effects other areas of cognition, while Linguistic ___________ believe(s) that differences among languages are fairly superficial.

At the annual competition called the Loeb prize, we can find many different types of chatbots that can fool a human into thinking they are conversing with another human.