According to Israel and colleagues (1994), all the following are characteristics of communities EXCEPT
A) membership — a sense of belonging.
B) common symbol systems — language, rituals.
C) shared values & norms.
D) different locations
answer
D
question
The bottom-up, grassroots mobilization of citizens for the purpose of undertaking activities to improve the condition of something in the community is best described as
A) citizen participation.
B) community capacity.
C) community development.
D) community participation.
answer
A
question
Methods of professional change that deal with issues beyond the individual, family, and small group level are called ________ methods.
A) community development
B) citizen participation
C) empowered community
D) macro practice
answer
D
question
Assumptions that must be made by those who assist communities with organizing include
A) people are reluctant to change.
B) communities need outside help to deal with their problems.
C) a holistic approach can handle problems that a fragmented approach cannot.
D) democracy requires a strong leader who is not afraid to make decisions.
answer
C
question
The community organization and building typology model in the text compares and contrasts
A) needs and strengths with consensus and conflict.
B) strengths and weaknesses with opportunities and threats.
C) needs and wants with abilities and assets.
D) plans and positions with challenges and communities.
answer
A
question
What is the first step in community organizing and building?
A) Organizing the people
B) Recognizing the issue
C) Assessing the community
D) Determining priorities
answer
B
question
The individuals who control, both formally and informally, the "political climate" of the community are referred to as
A) active participants.
B) coalitions.
C) executive participants.
D) gatekeepers.
answer
D
question
Skills and attributes of successful organizers include all of the following EXCEPT
A) change vision attributes.
B) interactional skills.
C) frugality attributes.
D) technical skills.
answer
C
question
People who become involved in community organizing on an irregular basis, usually only when major decisions are made, are called
A) active participants.
B) occasional participants.
C) supporting participants.
D) intermediate participants.
answer
B
question
People who are seldom involved in community organizing efforts, but contribute in nonactive ways or through financial contributions are called
A) active participants.
B) occasional participants.
C) supporting participants.
D) sporadic participants.
answer
C
question
Which of the following would be an example of an individual asset?
A) Hospitals
B) Individual business
C) Citizen's association
D) Library
answer
B
question
The most accessible assets in community mapping are
A) primary building blocks.
B) secondary building blocks.
C) potential building blocks.
D) tertiary building blocks.
answer
A
question
Ways to improve awareness of diversity within a community include
A) try to group beliefs and feelings into a common denominator.
B) make statements about diverse groups to determine what reaction you will get.
C) avoid humor and cultural gestures.
D) read about current and emerging issues that concern diverse groups.
answer
D
question
An empowered community is one in which individuals and organizations apply their skills and resources in collective efforts to meet their respective needs.
answer
True
question
Try to keep volunteers' schedules rigid so they don't have to deal with change.
answer
False
question
The most successful community organizing efforts have been those originating from within the community.
answer
True
question
A planner is someone who often lives outside the community where the problems reside.
answer
True
question
Coalitions are more successful when they employ consensus methods of decision-making.
answer
True
question
Hospitals, public schools, and libraries are all considered secondary building blocks or assets of a community.
answer
True
question
The final step in community organizing process is maintaining outcomes in the community.
answer
False
question
Describe four assumptions that those who assist community organizing must make.
answer
Communities of people can develop capacity to deal with their problems.
People want to change and can change.
People should participate in making, adjusting, or controlling the major changes taking place in their communities.
Democracy requires cooperative participation and action.
Changes in community living that are self-imposed have a meaning and permanence that imposed changes do not have.
A "holistic approach" can deal successfully with problems with which a "fragmented approach" cannot cope.
Frequently communities of people need help in organizing to deal with their needs, just as many individuals require help in coping with their individual problems.
question
Name three things people want to accomplish by being a volunteer.
answer
They want to be appreciated for the work they do.
They want to be busy with worthwhile and varied tasks.
They want to be provided with clear communication about tasks and expectations.
They want to develop themselves through training.
question
Describe five ways to better understand diversity when organizing a community.
answer
Become aware of differences by asking questions and getting involved in group discussions.
Seek involvement and input and listen to persons of different backgrounds without bias, and avoid being defensive.
Learn the beliefs and feeling of specific groups about particular issues.
Learn about the language, humor, gestures, norms, expectations and values of different groups.
Learn the facts before you make statements or form opinions about different groups.
Read about current and emerging issues that concern different groups and read literature that is popular among different groups.
Attend events that appeal to members of specific groups.
Become attuned to cultural clichés, stereotypes, and distortions you may encounter in the media.
Use examples to which persons of different cultures and backgrounds can relate.
question
Describe six characteristics of a successful coalition.
answer
Continuity of coalition staff, in particular the coordinator position
Ownership of the problem by coalition members
Community leaders support the coalition and its efforts
Active involvement of community volunteer agencies
High level of trust and reciprocity among members
Frequent and ongoing training for coalition members and staff
Benefits of membership outweigh the costs
Active involvement of members in developing coalition goals, objectives, and strategies
Development of a strategic action plan rather than a project-by-project approach
Consensus is reached on issues instead of voting
Productive coalition meetings
Large problems are broken down into smaller, solvable pieces
Steering committee of elected leaders and staff guides coalition
Task or work groups of members design and implement strategies
Rules and procedures are formalized
Local media are actively involved
Coalition and its activities are evaluated continuously
question
List and briefly describe four elements that define a community.
answer
Membership — a sense of belonging
Common symbol systems — similar language, rituals, and ceremonies
Shared values and norms
Mutual influence — community members influence each other
Shared needs and commitment to meeting those needs
Shared emotional connection — common history, experiences, support
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