Chapter 8 Mastering A&P

amphiarthrosis Amphiarthroses are slightly movable joints.

amphiarthroses

are immovable joints

fibrous joints In all three joints, bones are directly connected by dense fibrous tissue to form a joint lacking a cavity.

fibrous joint Sutures are classified structurally as fibrous joints. They would be classified functionally as synarthrotic joints based upon their degree of movement.

cartilaginous joints All of these joints are composed primarily of cartilage.

synarthrotic The cartilage joint formed between the first rib and the manubrium is immovable, unlike other rib connections to the sternum.

hyaline cartilage

A Ball-and-socket joints, as found in the shoulder and hip, are capable of multiaxial movement in all three planes.

flex only The elbow joint is capable of flexion and extension. The elbow may flex from its current anatomical position. The elbow is already in the extended position.

opposition Opposition is the movement that allows the touching of the thumb to the tip of each finger.

flexion Flexion is a bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings the articulating bones closer together.

pronation Supination and pronation are unique to the forearm because of the arrangement of the radius and ulna. This allows rotation of our hand in space.

hyaline cartilage connecting the two bones of the joint Hyaline cartilage makes up the articular cartilage in a synovial joint, but this does not connect the two sides together.

wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity

It contains hyaluronic acid.

abduction

feet

planter flexion

abduction and adduction

true

true

true

deep socket of the joint and strong capsular ligaments The main contributors to hip-joint stability are the deep socket of the joint and the strong capsular ligaments. Joints that have shallow sockets, such as the shoulder and jaw (temporomandibular) joints, are relatively unstable and more easily dislocated.

rotator cuff muscles Tendons of the rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis) surround and provide stability to the shoulder joint.

prevent hyperextension of the knee

ulnar collateral ligament

Shoulder (glenohumeral) The articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity allows for maximum flexibility but sacrifices stability.

ligaments In a sprain, the ligaments that reinforce a joint are stretched or torn.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) In RA, the body's immune system attempts to destroy the tissues in the joints in an apparent case of "mistaken identity."