Chapter 8 Exam (Tsunami Versus Wind-Caused Waves)

25 July 2022
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question
The 2004 _________ Ocean tsunami killed an estimated 245,000 people in 13 countries.
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Indian
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Most of the 245,000 deaths from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami occurred in _______.
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Indonesia
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The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was generated by a magnitude 9.2 earthquake along __________ off the shore of Sumatra.
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a subduction zone
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Prior to the 2004 event, the last major 1883 tsunami in the Indian Ocean struck in 1883 and killed about 36,000 people. This tsunami was caused by _________________.
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the collapse of Indonesia's Krakatoa Volcano
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Tsunami is a Japanese word that means __________ waves.
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harbor
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Tsunami are created by big "splashes" made in the deep ocean by all but which of the following?
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hurricanes
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Earthquake-related tsunami are created by sub sea fault movements with pronounced vertical offsets of the seafloor. Such movements occur most commonly along __________________.
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subduction zones
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Tsunami typically have _________ relative to wind-blown waves.
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long periods and long wavelengths
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The captain of a ship tells you that he once experienced a huge tsunami while sailing in the Pacific Ocean several hundred miles from any landmass. You decide that this sounds a little far-fetched because _________.
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tsunami are rarely felt in deep water because they have long wavelengths and low heights
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Tsunami wavelengths can be as great as _________.
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780 km
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Most tsunami travel at speeds of _________ miles per hour.
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420 to 480
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Tsunami arrive as a series of several waves separated by periods typically in the _________ range.
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10- to 60- minutes
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Tsunami are typically about _________ high in the open ocean, and 6 to 15 m high on reaching shallow water.
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1m
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In 1868, the USS Wateree was carried several miles inland by a tsunami along the coast of ______.
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Chile
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The 1946 April Fool's Day tsunami at Hilo, Hawaii, was caused by an earthquake near ________.
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Alaska
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The great 1960 Chile earthquake (M 9.5) unleashed a tsunami that killed over 1,000 Chileans. These waves also killed 61 people in Hilo, Hawaii, 14 hours after the earthquake, and another 185 people in ________, 22.5 hours after the earthquake.
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Japan
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The great 1964 Alaska earthquake (M 9.2) set off a tsunami that killed 122 people along the state's sparsely populated coastline. This tsunami also killed 12 people in the state of _________.
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California
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In 1964, 12 people were killed during a tsunami at Crescent City, California. All of these fatalities were caused by the _______ wave, which was the highest in the series.
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fifth
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The 1964 tsunami that killed 12 people at Crescent City, California, was caused by a major earthquake in _________.
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Alaska
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The trees that died in the Pacific Northwest after the great earthquake of 1700 were killed by __________.
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seawater after faulting dropped the land below sea level
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Detailed mapping of the ocean bottom around the Hawaiian Islands revealed a previously unrecognized tsunami source. What did geologists discover on the seafloor in this area?
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slumps and debris avalanches formed by volcanic flank collapse
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Geologists have shown that the east coast of the United States faces a serious tsunami threat from ________.
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volcanic flank collapse in the Canary Islands
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The deadly 1998 tsunami in Papua New Guinea was caused by ________.
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an undersea landslide triggered by an earthquake
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The largest historic tsunami wave run-up ever recorded was caused by a massive rockfall into the water at ________________.
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Lituya Bay, Alaska
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A _________ is an oscillating wave that sloshes back and forth within an enclosed body of water such as a sea, bay, lake, or swimming pool.
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seiche
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In 1959, the water stored behind Hegben Lake Dam in Montana began to slosh violently back and forth in a series of oscillating waves. These seiches were caused by __________________.
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a sudden drop of the lake bottom during an earthquake
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Modern tsunami warning systems primarily use __________.
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sea surface buoys and ocean bottom pressure sensors
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Tsunami events at a coastline __________.
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can start with a drawdown or rising of the sea
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The theoretical velocity of a tsunami in the deep ocean is calculated by taking the square root of the product of __________.
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the acceleration due to gravity and the depth of the ocean
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Which of the follows statements about tsunami in the deep ocean?
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They are always "feeling" the bottom
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Multiplying 1.25 by the square root of the wavelength results in the velocity of a __________.
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wind-blown wave in deep water
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Tsunami that reach the shallow water slow down due to __________.
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friction with the bottom and internal turbulence
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Which of the following statements is true regarding tsunami and volcanoes?
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Volcanic eruptions can result in tsunami as they explode, collapse, or send debris into the water.
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The best course of action to take if you suspect a tsunami is headed your way is to __________.
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head to higher ground and stay there
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The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was caused by Earth's third-most powerful earthquake in the last 100 years.
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True
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The English language term tidal wave is a good description of a tsunami because of their relationship to ocean tides.
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False
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The destructive power of a tsunami is due mostly to the great height of the wave.
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False
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Tsunami have long wavelengths and very short wave heights in the open ocean.
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True
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It is virtually impossible for small ships at sea to survive a passing tsunami.
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False
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While California has experienced many deadly earthquakes, it has never experienced fatalities from tsunami.
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False
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People living around Lake Tahoe have to worry about seiches but not tsunami.
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False
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It is possible that a large hunk of Hawaii could be plunged into the sea following a large earthquake, generating a powerful tsunami.
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True
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There is little threat of a tsunami striking the East Coast of the United States.
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False
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There is little threat of a tsunami striking the crowded beaches of Southern California.
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False
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The sloshing of a swimming pool during an earthquake is called a seiche.
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True
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People always feel the distant earthquakes that form the tsunami that hit their local coastline.
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False
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Removing coral reefs is a good way to reduce the damage caused by tsunami.
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False
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You're welcome
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