Chapter 7&8

game animals were almost extinct before laws buffalo had only 800 head left in the US beaver almost wiped out elk, deer, and pronghorn were reduced to a fraction

established hunting seasons limiting hunting methods and equipment setting limits on how many established tags and checkpoints

before you depart, leave a hunting plan with a family member or friend. A hunting plan tells where and the with whom you intend to hunt, and when you expect to return. It also should contain specific directions on you route to your destination and any alternate destination you may have if bad weather change your plans.

Be ready, know your location, prepare for safety, tell others

by purchasing licenses

Can affect your ability to perform safely and responsibly. Select clothing based on the weather you expected, weather you expect, while being prepared for the worst.

a hat or cap with earflaps and gloves to retain body heat- most body heat is lost through the head and hands; gloves also protect your hands; gloves also protect your hands from abrasions and rope burns. Footwear that is sturdy, suitable for the conditions you'll encounter, and broken in before you hunt. Two layers of socks-polypropylene against the skin and a wool outer layer.

don't get permissions don't tell when coming or leaving make too much noise leave litter carry loaded firearms in vehicles drove off road don't leave gates as they were found either opened or closed shoot to close to neighbors or livestock leave fires unattended violate game laws drink alcohol to excess

shooting: get the shot off instead of being patient Limiting out : hunter thinks success means how many he get and limits out always trophy: gets quality instead of quantitiy method: the process of hunting becomes the focus instead if limits Sportsman: all inclusive looks at all aspects

image matters (follow laws and be respectful) respect landowners, wildlife, and other hunters respect nonhunters and their beliefs

Hunting often demands more physical exertion the you're accustomed to doing. Conditions may hamper your physical ability to perform safely and responsibly while hunting include: Allegies, Asthma, A heart condition, Excess weight, Poor Physical conditioning. Your mental condition impacts your performance as well.

Wild life management sets rules and regs hunters can voice opinions by joining an organization

limits when and how you hunt

Aerial photos Contours of land, hills, ridges, valleys, lakes, rivers, creeks, trails, roads Contour lines show elevation of ground Contour intervals reveal vertical distance between each line (closely spaced = steep) Contour lines that are sharply tapered mean uphill Rounded means downhill

The orienteering compass is a critical piece of equipment for outdoor travel. A good orienteering compass has these features: Clear base plate that allows you to see the map underneath. Straight sides for aligning to points or for drawing lines Liquid filled needle housing that keeps the magnetic needle relatively steady when taking readings Two arrows, a direction arrow painted on the base plate is used to point the compass from your starting point to you destination; an orienting arrow, located the needle housing, is used to orient your compass to your map.

The difference between true North and magnetic north

Navigation system using satellite signals and signal receivers on Earth.

Give a responsible person your hunting plan as discussed previously. Don't travel or hunt alone. Take enough food and water to last for several days in an emergency. Bring a map and compass, and always orient yourself before leaving camp. Wear layering clothing and take extra clothing, preferably wool and polyester, with you. Plan your outings so you can return to camp before dark. Never leave camp without taking fire starting equipment and a foil blanket. Don't panic if become lost

Stop, Think, Observe, Plan

Natural shelter Dry and well drained Protects from wind Near water and firewood Build a lean-to

Pile fine twigs, grass, or bark shavings at base. If you can't find dry kindling, remove bark from trees. Place larger sticks on the starter material until you have a pile about 10 inches high.

Three shots Three blasts on a whistle Three mirror flashes Three fires evenly spaced Make an X as large as possible No signal fires until you hear aircraft Use green boughs to create smoke

Even in cool weather, you need two to four quarts of water a day. Under most conditions, humans can only last about three days without water.

Two weeks without Clear-headed and comfortable Learn what is edible

Distress and alerting system Transmits to satellite system Must register with NOAA

Often induced by cold, wet conditions, such as rain, snow, sleet, or immersion in water. Causes your core body temperature to fall

Dressing properly Avoiding weather conditions Drying as quickly as possible High calorie foods

Uncontrolled shivering Slow, slurred speech Memory loss Irrational behavior, such as removing clothing Lack of body movement Sleepiness Unconsciousness, which could lead to death

Find Shelter for the victim Remove wet clothing Give warm liquids to rehydrate and rewarm Slowly rewarm the victim by placing one or more persons in body contact with the victim A victim at or near unconsciousness must be handled gently, and not immersed in a warm bath or exposed to a large fire, this can lead to traumatic shock or death. Get medical attention

Occurs when tissue freezes

avoid severe weather.

Skin turns off-white. Prickly or tingling feeling occurs as ice crystals form. Pain may be present initially, then disappears as frostbite progresses. In severe cases, victim experiences a loss of feeling in the affected area.

Warm the affected area with body heat, but avoid rubbing the area- it can damage tissue Don't use hot water or other external heat sources, which could cause burns Wrap with warm, dry clothing Move to a warm shelter Drink hot liquids Get medical attention

Wear proper type of clothing (no cotton) Stay dry Build a shelter Avoid contact with cold surfaces Wrap your body in a thermal foil blanket Limit you physical activity to conserve energy

the core body temperature increases, usually as a result of hot and humid conditions, plus a lack of water.

Drink plenty of water Take frequent breaks if you're hiking to or from your hunting spot, especially when carrying a large load. Dress in layers, and shed layers as the physical activity increases

Pale and clammy skin Weakness Nausea Headache Muscle cramps

Move to a cooler place and drink water. Fan to lower body temperature, but don't over-chill.

Dry, hot, and flushed skin—dark or purple in color Dilated pupils Rapid, weak pulse Shallow breathing High temperature—may be in excess of 106° Fahrenheit

Wrap in a sheet and soak with cool—not cold—water. Fan, but don't over-chill. Get to a hospital immediately.

The rapid loss of just two pints of blood can result in shock and loss of consciousness. A victim can bleed to death on a short time.

Apply direct pressure

Improperly working camp stoves and lanterns, as well as wood and charcoal fires, can produce lethal carbon monoxide

Headaches Dizziness Weakness Difficulty breathing

get victims fresh air immediately, and keep them lying quietly. Prompt medical care is essential.

Use the palm of your hand to cover the wound until a bandage is located Cover the wound with sterile gauze, a clean cloth, plastic, or foil Make sure the wound cover forms an air-tight seal Hold the gauze in place with a bandage or tape If the victim has trouble breathing, remove the bandage and replace it quickly. Transport the victim to the hospital with the injured side down

Can result from a serious injury. Symptoms include pale, cold, clammy, skin; rapid pulse; shallow breathing; and fear in the victim.

Keep the victim lying on his or her back. In some cases, shock victims improve by raising the feet 8-10 inches. If the victim is having trouble breathing, raise the victim's head and shoulders about 10 inches rather than raising their feet. Maintain normal body temperature, and loosen any restrictive clothing. Try to keep the victim calm and comfortable, and get medical help as quickly as possible.

most doctors agree that the best response is to rush the victim to a hospital emergency room. Do not try to remove poison from snakebites. Cutting and suctioning the bite can do more harm than good.

How many buffalo were left after being hunted in the 19th century?