Chapter 6

The system of checks and balances was established so that each branch of government would not over power each other. The three branches of government are the legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislature includes the House of Representatives and the Senate (Congress). The executive branch includes the President. The Judiciary includes the Supreme Court and is the law of the land. The legislative branch can override vetoes and impeach a president over the executive branch. The executive branch can veto certain acts of congress. Each branch has special rights so that they remain in balance with one another, thus the system of checks and balances.

The Constitutional Convention was held in order to amend to Articles of Confederation. They ended up making an entirely new document, which everyone agreed on. A large issue that was settled was about representation. To settle this, the Senate and House of Representatives were born. The Senate had equal representation by the states and the House had equal representation by the population. The issues of slavery, women's rights, immigration, and naturalization were left unsettled.

opposed permanent alliances.

True

cemented Federalism within the judiciary.

high protective tariffs.

relocate the nation capital southward.

False

Delaware

Massachusetts.

reflected basic philosophical differences between Jefferson and Hamilton.

George Washington's greatest achievement as president was the signing of Jay's treaty. Washington sent John Jay to London in 1794 to settle issues between America and England. Jay made several negotiations with the British to avoid war. Several Americans were displeased with the treaty. Washington admitted that it had its faults, but it was necessary to avoid war. Washington's biggest failure during his presidency was the fact that he often sided with Alexander Hamilton. Many of his ideas were brought to life because of this favoritism. As the president, Washington should have been fair to all members of his cabinet. Overall his presidency was a success for America and the Federalists as he was often sympathetic to their cause even thought he was officially non-partisan.

American trade access to Spanish New Orleans.

False

included many participants in the Revolution.

counting slaves as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of apportionment.

James Madison.

frontier farmers.

states could nullify federal laws.

arrived in Philadelphia having spent months preparing for the Constitutional Convention

the oldest member of the Constitutional Convention

briefly represented New York at the Constitutional Convention

claimed to "smell a rat" at the Constitutional Convention

drafted the Land Ordinance of 1785

defined the United States through his tenure as chief justice of the Supreme Court

negotiated the extremely popular treaty with Spain

led American troops at the Battle of Fallen Timbers

issued a neutrality proclamation in 1793 in response to pressure to enter European conflicts

diplomat who sought to undermine American policy relative to the French Revolution

encouraged Americans to attack English and Spanish vessels.

The French were upset with Jay's Treaty. Adams tried to ease tensions by sending three American diplomats to France to create some kind of settlement. Upon arrival, the diplomats were taken by the French. This became known as the XYZ Affair when America refused to pay France for the return of the diplomats. This created even more hostility between France and America. The two countries were in an unofficial naval war in the Caribbean Sea. This war caused conflict in Americans on whether to officially declare war. Some Americans took the side of France. In effort to make peace with France, Adams sent more diplomats to negotiate with Napoleon Bonaparte. The Americans received the best deal that they could get from the Convention of 1800.

prevents Congress from establishing an official religion.

True

resign and choose his successor.

New York City.

infuriated Republicans for its concessions to the British.

False

a vibrant capitalist power.

were part of six-square-mile townships.

said nothing.

Federalists were the people who were in favor of the Constitution. Anti-Federalists did not agree with it. The Federalists had some advantages in the fight. They had an actual Constitution to show to the people. Anti-Federalists only criticized ideas. They feared that a new form of government would lead to corruption. The only solution that they had was the idea of a bill of rights to ensure the rights of the people. The Federalists were more familiar with the issues in the Constitution and were far more organized in their effort. 

would provide a stable national currency.

expressed neutrality, warning Americans not to aid either side.

False

there were numerous calls promoting a stronger central government.

True

The Bill of Rights was introduced in order to protect the rights of Americans from the government. James Madison presented the idea to Congress. It was important to let Americans know that they would always have rights that no one else could take away from them. Religious freedom prevented groups like the Puritans from forcing their people into a certain religion. The Bill of Rights let citizens know that they did have their freedoms in the new law of the land.

was repressed by state militia.

Wilderness Road.

owned by the national government.

George Mason

national unity.

the size and diversity of the large new country would make it impossible for any one faction to control the government.

would create a two-house Congress.

settled the question of congressional representation.

had to be settled by the House of Representatives

House of Representatives.

False

False

indebted farmers.

revise the Articles of Confederation.

was an undeclared naval conflict.

America under the Articles of Confederation.

Hamilton, Madison, and Jay.

nine of the states.

False

True

settle all questions about federal versus state authority.

banned slavery in the Northwest.

True

a shortage of "hard money."

used the doctrine of implied powers.

Alexander Hamilton was inspired by Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations, and decided to manage America's finances. He understood the difficulty of managing the government's money and he had great expectations for America to become a capitalist nation. To repay America's bills, Hamilton helped to impose taxes on people, businesses, and imported goods. The government also borrowed money by the selling bonds to investors. The printing of money also helped paying off the country's debt. Hamilton's biggest contribution to establishing national economic policy was introducing a national bank. He modeled it off of the Bank of England. People opposed the idea at first, but it was eventually passed.

True

resumed, but without access to the West Indies.

True

was the legacy of the Federalists as they left office.

Religious freedom was guaranteed in a "bill of rights."

finances

True

Republican newspaper editors.

be successful in a large, diverse society.