Chapter 5: The Integumentary System

What is the first threat to life from a massive third-degree burn?

All of the following will help the skin to fight infection but one. Which of the following will have little effect on the skin's ability to fight infection? A) More tight junctions between keratinocytes of the stratum corneum. B) Increased secretions of defensins from skin cells. C) Greater production of keratinocytes resulting in more layers of stratum corneum. D) Greater production of melanin.

A light skinned person may appear pink when they become over heated. The best explanation for this is ________.

The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that ________.

The dermis has two major layers. Which layer constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin?

Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands?

The surge of sex hormones that accompanies puberty has a wide range of effects on the body. One of those effects is to enhance the activity of the sebaceous glands, increasing the production of sebum. Which of the following is the most likely to result from the increased sebaceous activity? A) Increased cooling of the skin B) Increased hair growth C) Decreased vitamin D synthesis D) Increased oily appearance and more acne

Which of the following is not one of the functions of the skin? A) Delivers important information about our environment conditions to our brains. B) Holds a portion of the bloods total volume to be shunted (diverted) to other organs when needed. C) Conducts endergonic metabolic chemical reactions using the suns energy to initiate vitamin D synthesis. D) Gives the body its overall shape, loss of this function can be seen with the drooping of skin with age.

The papillary layer of the dermis is composed of loosely packed connective tissue with numerous peg-like projections that provide a great deal of surface area connecting the dermis to the epidermis. Which of the statements below do NOT represent benefits provided by the papillary layer's anatomy? A) The looseness allows for easy separation of the dead cell layer of epidermis to be shed. B) The looseness allows for phagocytes to roam through the tissue and search for infection. C) The high surface area allows for a stronger connection of dermis to epidermis. D) The spaces in the connective tissue allow many small blood vessels to deliver nutrients and pickup waste diffusing from the superficial epidermal layers.

The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being, and functioning of the skin. Which of the layers is responsible for cell division and replacement?

What are the most important factors influencing hair growth?

The friction ridges seen in finger, palm and foot prints are different among various people but very similar between identical twins. This evidence suggests what?

The composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands is ________.

A splinter penetrated into the skin of the sole of the foot, almost to the papillary region of the dermis. Which layer of the epidermis would be the final layer injured?

Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been stretched and/or torn?

A patient has skin that is slightly blue in color. A likely treatment for this person might be ________.

Which layer of skin is LEAST protected by melanin?

Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer. A) Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing. B) Most tumors that arise on the skin are malignant. C) Basal cell carcinomas are the least common but most malignant. D) Squamous cell carcinomas arise from the stratum corneum.

The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated _________.

Apocrine glands, which begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence, seem to play little role in thermoregulation. Where would we find these glands in the human body?

Changes in the color of skin are often an indication of a homeostatic imbalance. Which of the following changes would suggest that a patient is suffering from Addison's disease?

Eyebrow hairs are always shorter than hairs on your head because ________.

Which of the following examples listed below illustrates homeostasis maintained by a negative feedback? A) Changes in response of the hair follicle to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). B) Production of vitamin D initiated by the suns UV light striking the skin. C) Thickening of epidermis to form a callus in places where the skin is exposed to friction. D) Formation of cerumen wax to deter insects from entering the ear.

A surgeon opens her patient by cutting the integument parallel to the cleavage lines of the dermis (tension lines). This will result in ________.

A light skinned person who is very cold may have a pale appearance. Which of the following is the best explanation for why this might be so? A) The person's blood vessels in the epidermis have undergone vasodilation (widening). B) The cold has slowed the movement of blood. C) The person's blood vessels in the dermis have undergone vasoconstriction (narrowing). D) The person is in fear of hypothermia (sever cold exposure).

Cells of the stratum spinosum have many interlocking desmosomes that will remain between the cells as they migrate to the stratum corneum. These cell junctions serve the body by ________.

Which of the following examples listed below illustrates homeostasis by negative feedback? A) The secretion of antibacterial compounds in sebum. B) Removal of nitrogenous compounds like urea within the sweat. C) Release of chemical signals by keratinocytes that have been damaged by UV light that will increase the production of melanin. D) The near waterproof secretions of glycolipids that is released by cells in the stratum granulosum.

Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocytes ________.

The arrector pili muscle's predominante, useful function in humans is to _________.

William has a cut that is superficial, painful but not bleeding. Based on this information you would predict that the cut has penetrated to ________.

The dermis is a strong, flexible connective tissue layer. Which cell types are likely to be found in the dermis?

Which of the following is a skin sensory receptor for touch? A) tactile corpuscle B) Pacinian corpuscle C) Ruffini body D) free nerve ending

The major regions of a hair shaft include all of the following except ________.

Which of the following examples listed below illustrates homeostasis maintained by a negative feedback? A) Release of sweat by eccrine glands in response to heat. B) An increase in sebum production in response to androgens (male sex hormones). C) Excretion of salts within the sweat. D) Lack of pain in third degree burns due to damage to sensory nerves in the dermis.

The single most important risk for skin cancer is ________.

Which of the following cells and their functions are correctly matched? A) melanocytes -- protects cells in the stratum corneum from damaging effects of sun's rays B) dendritic cells -- activate the immune system C) tactile cells -- protection D) keratinocytes -- provide sense of touch and pressure

Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage? A) Prolonged exposure to the sun induces melanin dispersion, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen. B) The skin is protected by the synthesis of three pigments that contribute to the skin's color. C) The skin is protected by increasing the number of epidermal dendritic cells, which help to activate the immune system. D) Carotene, which accumulates in the stratum corneum and hypodermal adipose tissue, is synthesized in large amounts in the presence of sunlight.

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order?

In addition to protection (physical and chemical barrier), the skin serves other functions. Which of the following is another vital function of the skin? A) The cells of the epidermis store glucose as glycogen for energy. B) It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor important to calcium metabolism. C) It aids in the transport of materials throughout the body. D) It absorbs vitamin C so that the skin will not be subject to diseases.

Burns are devastating and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. How do physicians estimate the extent of burn damage associated with such dangerous fluid loss?

Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well-being. What protects us against excessive water loss through the skin?

Which type of skin cancer appears as a scaly reddened papule and tends to grow rapidly and metastasize?

Which statement correctly explains why hair appears the way it does? A) Perfectly round hair shafts result in wavy hair. B) Kinky hair has flat, ribbonlike hair shafts. C) Gray hair is the result of hormonal action altering the chemical composition of melanin. D) Air bubbles in the hair shaft cause straight hair.

Which glands produce ear wax?

The function of the root hair plexus is to ________.

Which layer of the epidermis will be supplied with the highest levels of oxygen from the blood?

A dendritic or Langerhan cell is a specialized ________.