Chapter 5: Medicine - Nutrition

What type of compound is lecithin? a. Sterol b. Bile salt c. Phospholipid d. Lipoprotein e. Glycolipid

Which statement is true of the relationship fat intake and health? a. Trans-fatty acids are not as dangerous as once believed b. Intake of saturated fat raises blood cholesterol more than intake of cholesterol c. High intakes of short- and medium-chain fatty acids raise high-density lipoprotein levels d.Trans-fatty acids contained in polyunsaturated fats but not in monounsaturated fats alter blood cholesterol levels e. High intakes of fish oil lower bleeding time and improve diabetes and wound healing

​How is soluble fiber in the diet thought to help lower blood cholesterol level? a. It binds to the fats and denatures them. b. It denatures cholesterol in the stomach. c. It hydrolyzes cholesterol in the intestinal tract. d. It traps cholesterol in the intestinal tract and thus inhibits its absorption. e. It enhances excretion of bile leading to increased cholesterol turnover.

In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein, a high-density lipoprotein contains ____. a. less protein b. more carbohydrate c. more triglyceride d. less lipid e. more cholesterol

A lacto-ovo vegetarian wishing to ensure a liberal intake of linolenic acid should consume ____. a. corn oil and sunflower oil b. eggs and milk c. safflower oil margarine d. canola oil and walnuts

Cholesterol from outside the body is called ____________________ cholesterol.

Bile is known to assist in the absorption of ____. a. fat b. vitamins c. protein d. minerals e. carbohydrate

What are the precursors for synthesis of the eicosanoids?a. Short-chain fatty acids b. Steroids c. Medium-chain saturated fatty acids d. Monounsaturated fatty acids e. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

Approximately what percentage of the body's energy needs at rest is supplied by fat a. 60 b. 25 c. 5 d. 40 e. 75

Chylomicrons are synthesized within the ____. a. lymphatic system b. spleen c. intestinal cells d. liver e. storage compartment of plant seed

Aspirin works to reduce the symptoms of infection or pain by retarding the synthesis of​ a. certain saturated fatty acids. b. certain eicosanoids. c. certain adipokines d. arachidonic acid. e. certain unsaturated fatty acids.

Lipids that are liquid at room temperature are known as ____. a. oils b. phospholipids c. omegas d. fats e. glycerols

What part of the gastrointestinal tract is the predominant site of dietary fat hydrolysis? a. Large intestine b. Stomach c. Mouth d. Esophagus e. Small intestine

Which example characterizes enterohepatic circulation? a. Liver secretion of eicosanoids that promote absorption of eicosanoid precursors b. Hormonal control of pancreatic digestive secretions c. Recycling of bile from the intestine to the liver d. Cholesterol that is made from bile in the small intestine and transported to the liver e. Chylomicron conversion to LDLs and HDLs

Lipids differ in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to their number of ____. a. double bonds b. oxygen atoms c. saccharide units d. peptide linkages e. amino acids

What methods are used by the food industry to inhibit rancidity of the unsaturated lipids in foods?

According to the Dietary Guidelines, what should be the maximum total fat intake as a percentage of energy intake? a. 35 b. 10 c. 20 d. 50 e. 60

An important function of fat in the body is to ____.​ a. protect vital organs against shock b. provide precursors for glucose synthesis c. facilitate reproduction d. build muscle tissue e. regulate blood glucose levels

A high risk of heart attack correlates with high blood levels of ____. a. high-density lipoproteins b. low-density lipoproteins c. free fatty acids d. very low-density lipoproteins e. omega-3 fatty acids

The oils found in walnuts, soybeans, flaxseed, and wheat germ represent a good source of preformed ____.​ a. linoleic acid b. docosahexaenoic acid c. eicosapentaenoic acid d. eicosanoids e. linolenic acid

The results of blood tests that reveal a person's total cholesterol and triglycerides are called a ____. a. lipid profile b. lipid balance ratio c. personal lipids count d. degenerative disease assessment e. circulating fat count

What tissue contains special receptors for removing low-density lipoproteins from the circulation? a. Skeletal muscle b. Smooth muscle c. Liver d. Arterial walls e. Adipose

In which form are most dietary lipids found? a. Triglycerides b. Glycerols c. Sterols​ d. Polyglycerides e. Monoglycerides

Spherical complexes of emulsified fats are known as ____. a. endogenous bilayer aggregates b. monolipomicrons c. chylomicrons d. micelles e. polymerized lipids

Which statement describes a recognized relationship between dietary fat and cancer? a. High intakes of omega-3 fatty acids promote cancer development in animals. b. Dietary fat initiates rather than promotes cancer formation. c. Fat from milk does not increase risk for cancer. d.The evidence linking fat intake with cancer is stronger than that linking it with heart disease. e. There is a strong link between breast cancer incidence and dietary fat.