Chapter 5-Give Me Liberty

King of Great Britain. Took throne in 1760.

Act thats goal was to restrict trade between the French Caribbean and New England. Did so by imposing a tax on french molasses which was a common ingredient in liquor.

Aimed to control key exports like tobacco. Was ignored by the colonists.

When Britain was burdened with war debt they decided to increase taxes. People wanted representation in the assemblies, but were told that each member represented the entire empire, not just his own district. However americans continued to demand representation

Legal document that has a particular purpose. were Issued by the British government, were general search warrants allowing British government officials to search anywhere they wanted. This was a matter of concern for the citizens of the colonies. In a court case in 1761, James Otis, a lawyer, said that this was "an instrument of arbitrary power, destructive to English liberty, and the fundamental principles of the Constitution," said parliament had no right to authorize them.

Lawyer who went against the writs of assistance. Said that they were "an instrument of arbitrary power, destructive to English liberty, and the fundamental principles of the Constitution," and thus parliament had no right to use them.

Introduced by Prime Minister George Grenville, was an act that reduced tax on molasses by 50%. However new machinery to end smuggling. Strengthed the admiralty courts, and gave accused smugglers jury free trials. Seen by colonists not as tax reduction, but as an attempt to get them to pay what otherwise shouldn't be paid

Prime minister who introduced the sugar act

Court where accused smugglers would go. Strengthened by the Sugar Act. After Sugar act accused smugglers could be given a trial without the benefit of a jury.

Placed items such as wool and hides on the enumerated list, which meant that they would have to be imported through England.

List that meant items would have to be imported through England. Created by the Revenue Act.

British didn't want Americans to use their own money, required them to accept gold and british money.

First time colonists were DIRECTLY taxed. Required all printed material to carry a stamp that was issued by authorities. Had the goal to help finance the operation of the british empire. Many many people were offended by this act, from rich to poor. Opposition to this act was the first main drama of the revolution. Eventually repealed in 1766.

Created in October of 1765, had 27 delegates from 9 different colonies (including most prominent men in America). First met in New York and agreed they had the right to consent to taxation. Organized Boycotts with merchants that wouldn't buy British goods until the act was repealed.

Refusing to buy goods. In this case it was the merchants refusing to buy British goods until the British would repeal the stamp act.

Large elm tree in Boston, Massachusetts in which a sculpture of Andrew Oliver, a major stamp distributor was hung. Represented Freedom and liberty!

Stamp distributor, stature of him was hung on the liberty tree.

In new york city, made by opponents of the stamp act

Located in boston, communicated with other colonies to organize opposition to the sugar and currency acts.

Opposing group of the stamp act, was led by Alexander McDougall, Isaac Sears, and John Lamb. They spoke Dutch, French, and German. Posted signs that said "Liberty, Property, and No Stamps" Led the boycott of British Products. Their actions did get somewhat out of hand, such as burning down houses.

Created when the stamp act was repealed, rejected Americans' claims that only the elected representatives could change taxes.

People that cause a recurring issue in the United States History. People that try to buy land at low prices and wait for it to raise in value, and sell it, opposed to developing/farming the land. Looked down on as people who wanted to make money than help the colony. Called Rent Seeking Behavior.

Leader of "the settlers". He insisted that land should be belonging to those that work on it. He claimed that outsiders were trying to enslave people. Would found Vermont with the Greenmountain boys.

Founders of Vermont, One was Ethan Allen.

Was chancellor of the Exchequer (the cabinets chief financial minister). In 1767, he made new taxes for the colonies. Created the Townshend Acts

Created by Charles Townshend. During opposition of the Stamp acts some believed that some colonists such as Ben Franklin suggested that raising revenue by regulating trade would be okay, so they did that. Raised taxes on imported goods. Wanted to use money to pay the salaries of American. Opposition to this act developed more slowly than that of the stamp act.

Women who would do their spinning and sewing at home so that they wouldn't buy British goods were called this. This idea appealed especially to those in the Chesapeake region because they found themselves owing lots of money to merchants that were British.

In 1768 after a bit of riots that happened because of the ceasing of the ship Liberty due to trade violations in the city of Boston, British troops were stationed there. Soldiers became more and more unpopular in Boston. Finally on March 5, 1770 chaos erupted when the citizens threw snowballs at the British and gunfire erupted from the British. Five Americans died. Crispus Attucks was one of these.

Died in Boston Massacre, remembered as the first martyr of the American Revolution. Is of mixed Indian-African ancestors.

Giant trading monopoly that acquired British possessions in India. Many British merchants, bankers, etc were invested in this companies stock. Bubble happened where the price of stock rose, rose, rose than BOOM! it fell! In order to save the company the british decided to market its tea in the Americas. This made tea become drinkable by all! Also given tax exceptions on tea.

Act giving the East India Company tax exceptions on tea imporation.

The colonists were upset about the tea, so they boarded ships in Boston Harbor and dumped tea into the harbor. The tea damage in todays money is nearly 4,000,000 USD. Response was the closing of Boston Harbor.

Declared that the British must demonstrate "whether we have, or have not, any authority in that country"

Would radically alter the Massachusetts Charter by reducing town meetings and authorizing governors to appoint people to the council which was previously done by elections.

Extended Southern boundary of Canadian province to the Ohio Valley and gave legal toleration to the Roman Catholic Church in Canada. Sought to secure the catholics of Canada.

What the American revolution was/is called in France.

Convened in Philadelphia and brought together the most prominent political leaders of all the colonies but Georgia. Famous line "Give Me Liberty of Give me Death" was said here.

One of delegates representing Virginia in the First Continental Conference. Was a powerful speaker

Endorsed by congress in 1774. Called for a complete halt to trade with great Britain.

Called for complete halt to trade with great Britain, adopted by Continental Congress.

Authorized by congress to oversee its mandates and take action against the enemies of the American Liberty. Began the process of transferring the effective political power from established governments to extralegal grassroots bodies.

Convened in 1775, at this time war was happening between the British and armed citizens of Massachusetts. Authorized the raising of an army, printing money and appointed the George Washington as their leader.

Large battles between Americans and the British.

Two months after Lexington and Concord a major battle took place. In June 1775 the Colonists seized this and when attacked they inflicted heavy casualties on the British troops. Eventually had to retreat as their ammo ran out.

Appointed leader of the 2nd continental congress.

Written by Thomas Paine, appeared in 1776, was a pamphlet and attacked the constitution of England. Said that the English monarchy was headed to be the "royal brute of England". Wanted independence. Had large impact

An Englishmen who wrote the book Common Sense, demanding independence. This book had a big impact.

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Written by Thomas Jefferson, declared the United States freedom from the British.

Writer of the declaration of independence.

Formed after revolutionary war. Fought for the americans. Led by George Washington.

Place where service would be required of every man who was able to unless he could find someone to substitute for him. Helped fight for Americans.

Originally George Washington DID NOT want blacks in the army. However soon in 1775 a proclamation was made saying that freedom would be given to slaves that would fight. In 1778, Rhode Island formed a black regiment army.

Commander of the British Army, would attack New York City during 1776. He would push back the American forces and captured 3000 American men left behind.

German troops that King George III hired when he proclaimed the colonies to be in rebellion on August 1775, hiring angered colonists

Essay written by Thomas Paine. Before George Washington crossed the Delaware river to attack the hessians he read his soldiers this essay. Says that "These are the times that try men's souls, The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman."

In New Jersey, where a surprise attack was launched on Hessian soldiers on December 26, 1776 by the Continental Army.

Where a surprise attack was launched on the British by the Continental Army.

During summer of 1777 General John Burgoyne of the British advanced south from Canada hoping to catch up with Howe, but instead Howe attacked Philidophia causing the Continental Congress to go to Lanchester. However John was never informed of his plans and his way was blocked and he was forced to surrender here on October 17, 1777. Big boost to American Morale.

While the British were busy partying it up and have the Great Meschianza during the winter a time when fighting would usually stop George Washington and his army were camping here.

Treaty where France would recognize the United States as being independent from that of Britain. Was helped by American Diplomats led by Ben Franklin. France did this as a way of revenge for the 7 years war hoping to weaken the British. Spain also joined the American side.

American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence.

American colonists who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won

In August of 1778, Lord Charles Cornwallis routed american army at this city in South Carolina.

Francis Marion, would emerge from hiding places in swamps and then attack British militiaman and then disappear.

In South Carolina, was a defeat of British led by American Forces. This was a crushing defeat and was led by Daniel Morgan.

Two months after cowpen, Nathanael Greene would inflict heavy losses on Charles Cornwallis who was a British Commander, Cornwallis would flee here.

British military officer. was defeated at Yorktown on October 19, 1781.

First name was Marquis, was a french troop leader whom tried to block the british from escaping Yorktown by land.

made by American and British delegates would win recogonization of Americas independence, and also would gain them control of entire region between Canada and Florida east of the Mississippi. Americans got the fishing rights to the grand banks. Their whole economy was based on the fishing rights. Moreover, all loyalists were asked NOT to be persecuted. Let them be.