Chapter 5 American Gov.

1) in plessy V. Ferguson the Court found that separate but equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. 2)Supreme Court decision holding that school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violates the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection; marked the end of legal segregation in the United States

process of reuniting the country and rebuilding the South after the Civil War

turned the tide in terms of constitutional litigation, ruling that the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibited unreasonable classifications based on sex

Jim Crow Laws

Boycotts

Outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities, and women, validate state black codes

The poll taxes were taxes on the right to vote that were due when African Americans had the last amount of money on hand. Black voting fell by 62%.

Supreme Court decided that public discrimination could not be prohibited by the act because such discrimination was private, not a state act.

Holds school boards or districts responsible for both student-on-student harassment and harassment of students by teachers; allows retaliatory lawsuits by coaches on behalf of their sports teams denied equal treatment by school boards.

the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise and whether slaves were U.S. citizens

To provide special opportunities to those who suffer from discrimination

The use of strict quotas are inappropriate, but they were free to "take race into account"

They guarantee citizenship to all free slaves

Discrimination in public accommodations

19th

Fourteenth amendment: equal protection clause

Guarantees the right of citizens to vote, regardless of race, color, etc.

the Lilly Ledbetter Act

It is easier for the government to demonstrate that there is a rational basis for a law than to meet the requirements of the intermediate standard

sexual harassment, inclusion, and affirmative action

Strict scrutiny is a form of judicial review that courts use to determine the constitutionality of certain laws.

For violating an Alabama law banning integration of public facilities, including buses.

Voter qualification provision in many southern states that allowed only those citizens whose grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction to vote unless they passed a wealth or literacy test.

Reconstruction generally refers to the period in United States history immediately following the Civil War in which the federal government set the conditions that would allow the rebellious Southern states back into the Union. • When reconstruction ended in 1877, national troops were no longer available to guard polling places and to prevent whites from excluding black voters, and southern states quickly moved to limit African Americans access to the ballot.

Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give her seat up on the bus to a white man.

Court upheld draft registration provisions for male only, state statutory rape laws that applly only to women, and different requirements for a child's acquistition of citizenship based on if the citizen parents is the child's father or the mother.

University's rule of racail "quotas" in it's admission process was unconstitutional and a school using affirmative action by accepting more minority applications was constitutional.

The gorvernment-protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals. It outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities, and women.

Prohibit only state or governmental action, but not private act of discrimination.

The movement for American Indian has had a radical and more traditional branch. During the 18th and 19th amendment, Indian Americans were isolated on reservations, their lands were confiscated, and they were denied political rights by the US.

Equal Protection.

Laws passed by the southern states following the war that denied most legal rights to newly freed slaves.

Allows citizenship to anyone in the US, forbids a state to deny a personhis or her natural rights. Yes.

Provisions of the education amendments of 1972 that bars educational institutions that receive federal funds from discriminating against female students. Situations like sport facilities, access to premium playing times, and quality equipment remain unequal and women earning less than men for the same job and doing the job just as well.

Proposed amendments to the constitution that states "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account state". Affected Women by improving Womens' rights.

Racial segregation in public schools.

They believed that seperation of the raceswas instinctive and could not be changed by laws.

Legislation that reuires employers to pay men and women equal pay for equal work.

Someone with a physical or mental impairment that limits one or more "life activities" or has a record of such impairment. Guarantees access to public facilities, employment, and communication services. Acquire or modify work equipment, adjust work schedules, and making facilities accessible.

Laws enacted by the southern states that required segregation in public schools, theaters, hotels, and other public accomodations.

Full equality for women.

The military would no longer ask gays and lesbians if they were homosexual. Discharge from the military. So that gays and lesbians were not turned away from joining the military. The policy was repealed.

Gays and Lesbians.

The cumulative effect of collective actions including sit ins, boycotts, marches, and freedom rides as well as bombings, lynching's, and other deaths inflicted retaliation-led congress to pass the voting rights. Kennedys request to ban discrimination in public accommodations and MLKs I have a dream speech.

Gratz v. Bollinger: The court struck down Michigan's undergraduate point system, which gave minority applicants 20 automatic points simply because they were minorities. Grutter v. Bollinger: The court voted to uphold the constitutionality of the University of Michigan's Law School admissions policy, which gave preference to minority applicants.

Yes.

Laws enacted by southern states that required segregation in public schools, theaters, hotels, and other public accommodations.

Supreme court decided that discrimination in a variety of accommodations, including theaters, hotels, and railroads, could not be prohibited by the act because such discrimination was private, not state, discrimination.

To support the law that Kennedy had passed banning discrimination in public, to demonstrate support for anti-discrimination legislation.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th amendment.