Chapter 42: Circulation And Gas Exchange

Which of the following best describes an artery? Arteries have thin walls compared with veins. Arteries contain valves. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Arteries carry oxygenated blood. Arteries carry blood away from capillaries

Which statement about human blood vessels is correct? Arteries carry blood toward the atria of the heart. Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart. Arteries carry oxygenated blood; veins carry oxygen-poor blood. The pulmonary artery carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs. Veins transport blood from the heart to the capillaries.

a blood clot enters the cerebral circulation, blocking an artery and causing the death of brain tissue

Which of the following organisms has no specialized respiratory structures? crabs alligators ants salmon earthworms

An advantage of gas exchange in fresh water, compared with gas exchange in air, is that _____. water usually contains a higher concentration of oxygen than air the respiratory surface does not have to be as extensive in water water loss through evaporation across the respiratory surface can be minimized water is easier to move over the respiratory surface ventilation requires less energy in water

the smallest airway through which inspired air passes before gas exchange occurs in the mammalian lungs

_____ in carbon dioxide in your red blood cells, which causes _____ in pH, causes your breathing to speed up

True or false? The lungs of humans form from the embryonic foregut.

True or false? The pressure inside the human chest cavity is always positive, so the lungs stay relatively inflated even upon exhalation.

Which lung structure is a tiny sac that functions as an interface between air and blood?

Which barrier(s) must O2 and CO2 cross to pass between air and blood inside lungs?

True or false? The driving force for the unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin into tissues is the difference in PCO2 levels between the blood and body tissues.

How is most carbon dioxide transported from tissues to the lungs?

Which of the following statements about the oxygen-hemoglobin interaction is true?

The amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin _____. decreases in the presence of high concentrations of oxygen increases with increasing acidity at the tissue level increases in the presence of high concentrations of oxygen is called the Bohr shift increases as the pH of tissues decreases

Most carbon dioxide is carried from the body tissues to the lungs _____.

By picking up hydrogen ions, hemoglobin prevents the blood from becoming too ____

In the blood most of the oxygen that will be used in cellular respiration is carried from the lungs to the body tissues _____. as bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -) combined with hemoglobin by the trachea water (H2O) dissolved in blood plasma

Blood returns to the heart via the _____.

From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____.

From the superior vena cava, blood flows to the _____.

From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____.

Voice sounds are produced by the ________

The primary functions of the _____ are to warm, filter, and humidify air

period of contraction of the heart

period of relaxation of the heart

impulses originate at the _____ node, are delayed at the ____ node

in ________ disease, an aberrant form of hemoglobin disrupts erythrocyte shape and function

Which of the following respiratory systems is not closely associated with blood supply? the lungs of a vertebrate the gills of a fish the tracheal system of an insect the skin of an earthworm

Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a pulmonary vein drains first into the

Pulse is a direct measure of

When you hold your breath, which of the following blood gas changes first leads to the urge to breathe? rising o2 falling o2 rising co2 falling co2

One feature that amphibians and humans have in common is

If a molecule of co2 released into the blood in your left toe is exhaled from your nose, it must pass through all the following except

Compared with interstitial fluid that bathes active muscle cells, blood reaching these cells in arterioles has a