Chapter 36: The Cold War Begins

31 August 2022
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Americans feared that the end of World War II would bring mainly:
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a return to the Depression.
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The Taft-Hartley Act delivered a major blow to labor by:
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outlawing the closed (all-union) shops.
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On the home front in 1946, the post-war United States was characterized by:
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an epidemic of labor strikes.
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The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 was passed to check the growing power of:
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labor unions.
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The growth of organized labor in the post-World War II era was slowed by all of the following except:
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the reduced number of women in the work force.
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In an effort to forestall an economic downturn, the Truman administration did all of the following except:
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continue wartime wage and price controls.
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The post-World War II prosperity in the U.S. was most beneficial to:
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women.
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The feminist revolt of the 1960s was sparked by:
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a clash between the demands of the traditional role of women as wives and mothers and the realities of employment.
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The long economic boom from World War II to the 1970s was fueled primarily by:
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low energy costs.
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Much of the prosperity of the 1950s and 1960s rested on:
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colossal military budgets.
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One sign of the stress that the immediate growth of post-World War II geographic mobility placed an American families was the:
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popularity of advice books on child-rearing.
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Post-World War II American workers made spectacular gains in productivity owing to:
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their rising educational levels.
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Since 1945, the population in the United States had grown most in the:
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Sunbelt.
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Much of the Sunbelt's new prosperity was based on:
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its tremendous influx of money from the federal government.
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All of the following enabled many Americans to move to the suburbs except:
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development of fuel-efficient automobiles.
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The rapid rise of suburbia in post-WWII America can be attributed to:
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the baby boom, government mortgage guarantees, new highways, and "white flight".
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The continued growth of the suburbs led to:
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an increase in urban poverty.
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Population distribution after World War II followed a pattern of:
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an urban- suburban segregation of blacks and white in major cities.
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The refusal of FHA administrators to grant home loans to blacks resulted in:
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driving many blacks into public housing.
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The huge "baby boom" crested in the (late 1950s):
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has been declining ever since.
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The baby-boom generation will create a major problem in the future by:
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placing an enormous strain on the Social Security system.
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Harry Truman possessed all of the following personal characteristics except:
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willingness to admit mistakes.
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The U.S. believed that it was desirable to have the Soviet Union participate in the projected invasion of Japan because:
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Soviet help could reduce the number of American casualties.
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The origins of the Cold War lay in a fundamental disagreement between the U.S. and the Soviet Union over postwar arrangements in:
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Eastern Europe.
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Joseph Stalin's postwar security concerns focused primarily on:
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Eastern Europe.
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The responsibility for starting the Cold War rests with the:
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United States and Soviet Union.
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The earliest and most serious failure of the United Nations involved its inability to:
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control atomic energy, especially in the manufacture of weapons.
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In regard to postwar Germany, the Big Three allies agreed that:
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high-ranking Nazis should be tried and punished for war crimes.
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When the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, and France accessed Berlin in 1948, President Truman responded by:
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organizing a gigantic airlift of supplies to Berlin.
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Soviet specialist George F. Kennan framed a coherent approach for America in the Cold War by advising a policy of:
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containment.
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The postwar policies adopted by the Truman administration toward the Soviet Union were based on the assumption that the Soviet Union was inherently:
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expansionist.
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The immediate concern that prompted the announcement of the Truman Doctrine was related to
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events in Greece and Turkey.
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Under the Truman Doctrine, the U.S. pledged to
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support those who were resisting subjugation by communists.
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Truman's defenders argued that he exaggerated the Soviet threat because he:
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received bad intelligence from the CIA.
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President Truman's Marshall Plan called for:
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military aid for Europe.
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The Marshall Plan finally passed Congress largely because it was perceived there as:
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economically beneficial to the United States.
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American membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization did all of the following for the country except:
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help reintegrate Germany into the European family.
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The U.S.' participation in NATO:
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reaffirmed our long-standing commitment to the defense of Europe, marked a dramatic departure from traditional American isolationism, reduced the need for increased military spending, and helped to resolve the problem of Germany.
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Postwar Japan:
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had its military leaders tried for war crimes, as had occurred in Germany.
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Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalist government lost the Chinese civil war to the communists and Mao Ze-dong mainly because:
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Jiang lost the support and confidence of the Chinese people.
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In an effort to detect communists within the government, President Harry Truman established the:
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Loyalty Review Board.