Chapter 3,4,5 Bio

25 July 2022
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question
In a single molecule of water, 2 hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by...
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polar covalent bonds
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the partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of another water molecule
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hydrogen bond
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water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with
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compounds that have polar covalent bonds
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which of the following can be attributed to waters high specific heat
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a lake heats up more slowly than the air surrounding it
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The cities of Portland, Oregon, and Minneapolis, Minnesota, are at about the same latitude, but Minneapolis has much hotter summers and much colder winters than Portland. Why?
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The ocean near Portland moderates the temperature.
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Which of the following takes place as an ice cube cools a drink?
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Kinetic energy in the liquid water decreases.
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Why does ice float in liquid water?
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Stable hydrogen bonds keep water molecules of ice farther apart than water molecules of liquid water.
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Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are _____.
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nonpolar substances that repel water molecules
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One mole (mol) of glucose (molecular mass = 180 daltons) is _____.
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180 grams of glucose
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diagram #1
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positively charged
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how many gram would be equal to one mole of a compound shown in the figure above
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60
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diagram #2 heat lamps
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methanol above water
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consider the following reaction at equilibrium CO2 + H2O ..... What would happen if you added additional.
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it would drive the equilibrium dynamics to the left
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A 0.01 M solution of a substance has a pH of 2. What can you conclude about this substance?
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It is a strong acid that ionizes completely in water.
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time of bubbling
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graph goes down
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The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to
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the chemical versatility of carbon atoms.
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Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments proved that
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organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth.
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When Stanley Miller applied heat and electrical sparks to a mixture of simple inorganic compounds such as methane, hydrogen gas, ammonia, and water vapor, what compounds were produced?
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both simple organic compounds and more complex organic compounds such as amino acids and hydrocarbons
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Why is carbon so important to biology?
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It can form a variety of carbon skeletons and host functional groups
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Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?
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The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
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What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?
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the presence or absence of double bonds between the carbon atom and other atoms
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The two molecules shown above in the figure above is best describes as
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Cis-trans isomer
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Which of the following statements conceming saturated fats is not true?
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they have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids
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A 0.01 M solution of a substance has a pH of 2. What can you conclude about this substance?
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It is a strong acid that ionizes completely in water.
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Lipids...
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are insoluble in water
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Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown below depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms) of the same molecule?
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NH2 on far right and H2N on far left of other one
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The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?
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C18H32O16
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Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and funi?
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Chitin
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On food packages, to what does the term insoluble fiber refer?
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cellulose
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A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a
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monosaccharide
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Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?
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A disaccharide
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A glycosidic linkage is analogous to which of the following proteins?
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a peptide bond
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Cooking oil and gasoline (a hydrocarbon) are not amphipathic molecules because they _____.
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Do not have a polar or charged region
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the molecule shown in Figure 5.3 is a
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unsaturated fatty acid.
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Which of the following is the strongest evidence that protein structure and function are correlated?
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Denatured (unfolded) proteins do not function normally.
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If Darwin had been aware of genes, and of their typical mode of transmission to subsequent generations, with which statement would he most likely have been in agreement?
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If natural selection can change one gene's frequency in a population over the course of generations then, given enough time and enough genes, natural selection can cause sufficient genetic change to produce new species from old ones.
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The role that humans play in artificial selection is to choose which organisms breed, and which do not
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hoose which organisms breed, and which do not.
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Currently, two extant elephant species (X and Y) are placed in the genus Loxodonta, and a third species (Z) is placed in the genus Elephas. Thus, which statement should be true?
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Species X and Y share a greater number of homologies with each other than either does with species Z.
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Currently, two extant elephant species (X and Y) are placed in the genus Loxodonta and a third species (Z) is placed in the genus Elephas. Assuming this classification reflects evolutionary relatedness, which of the following is the most accurate phylogenetic tree?
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Z X Y downwards order ;)