Chapter 3

Which of the following statements about matter is FALSE? -Matter exists in either a solid, liquid or gas state. -Matter is ultimately composed of atoms. -Matter occupies space and has mass. -Matter is smooth and continuous. -none of the above

Matter is defined as anything that is visible to the human eye.

A solid form of matter in which there is long range repeating order is called ________.

Which state of matter has atomic spacing that is close together and indefinite shape?

Gases are the only form of matter that is easily compressible.

Which among the following statements is false? -A solid has a definite shape and a definite volume. -Both solids and liquids are incompressible while gases are compressible. -A gas has neither definite volume nor definite shape. -A liquid has a definite volume; but it has no definite shape. -none of the above

Solids have indefinite shape and volume.

A compound is a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance.

A pure substance is:

Saltwater is a homogeneous mixture.

Air is a pure substance.

Sugar is a pure substance.

Chemical properties of a substance are those that can be observed without changing the composition of a substance.

The odor of gasoline is a chemical property.

Which of the following items is a physical property? -the odor of spearmint gum -the tarnishing of a copper statue -the combustion of gasoline -the corrosive action of acid rain on granite -none of the above

In a chemical reaction, the substances present after the chemical change are called reactants.

The corrosion of iron is a physical change.

Which of the following statements about physical and chemical changes is FALSE? -In a physical change, matter does not change its composition. -Chemical reactions are chemical changes. -Phase changes are always physical changes. -In a chemical change, matter changes its composition. -All of the above statements are true.

If you hold a solid piece of pure gallium metal in your hand, your body heat will melt the gallium into its liquid form. This illustrates which of the following?

Matter can be destroyed in a combustion reaction (such as burning fuel).

How many Calories are in 732.0 calories?

A moving bowling ball has kinetic energy.

Which type of energy is associated with motion?

How many calories are there in a 255 Calorie snack bar?

How many kilojoules are there in 95.0 Calories?

How many joules are in 55.2 calories?

The process of boiling water is an endothermic process.

What is the value of 73∘C on the Kelvin scale?

When a cold ice cube is dropped into a warm cup of water, energy is transferred as heat from the ice to the water.

What is the value of 27∘C on the Fahrenheit temperature scale?

Temperature is defined as the transfer of thermal energy caused by a temperature difference.

The heat capacity of a substance is the quantity of thermal heat required to change the temperature of a given amount of the substance by 100∘C.

In calculating the relationship between the amount of heat added to a substance and the corresponding temperature change, the specific heat capacity is usually represented by which symbol?

From the following list of substances and heat capacities, choose the one that will have the lowest temperature after absorbing 100.0 kJ of heat. Assume identical masses of each substance start at the same initial temperature. -ethanol-2.42 J/g⋅∘C -water-4.18 J/g⋅∘C -lead-0.128 J/g⋅∘C -copper-0.385 J/g⋅∘C -not enough information

Like mass, energy can neither be created nor destroyed.