Chapter 27 Reproductive System

25 July 2022
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question
Which hormone is the necessary trigger for ovulation to occur?
answer
LH
question
Which of the following reduces circulating blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) when the sperm count is high?
answer
Inhibin (sustenocytes respond to elevated sperm counts by releasing inhibin, a hormone that suppresses release of FSH)
question
Which of the following female structures is homologous to the male scrotum?
answer
Labia majora
question
When does ovulation occur in the uterine cycle?
answer
At the end of the Proliferative phase (a surge in lh triggers ovulation at the end of the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle around day 14)
question
Which of the following is an effect of luteinizing hormone (LH) AFTER Ovulation?
answer
It maintains the corpus luteum (LH maintains corpus luteum. increased levels of estrogen promote the release of LH at ovulation, but the increase levels of progesterone after ovulation inhibit the release of LH, which causes the degradation of corpus luteum)
question
At which point in the uterine cycle are the ovarian hormones at their lowest?
answer
At the beginning of the menstrual phase (the ovarian hormone levels are lowest at the beginning of the menstrual phase. Their low levels are what trigger menstruation)
question
What is the role of estrogen on luteinizing hormone (LH) production?
answer
Estrogen may have either inhibitory or an excitatory effect on LH production depending on the overall estrogen levels (estrogen exerts neg. feedback on LH production until estrogen levels reach a certain concentration, and then estrogen exerts positive feedback on LH production which promotes ovulation)
question
Which of the following would most directly interfere with sperm production?
answer
Interruption of sustenocytes production of ABP (sustenocytes produce ABP to keep testosterone levels high near the spermatogenic cells. Low ABP would directly affect the amount of testosterone around the spermatogenic cells)
question
In males, which of the following includes the correct target and result of LH stimulation?
answer
Interstital endocrine cells: androgen secretions (in males, LH targets interstitial endocrine cells. As a result of LH stimulation of interstitial endocrine cells, the levels of androgens such as testosterone increase)
question
Which gland is NOT matched with its type of secretion?
answer
Urethra: clear, viscous mucus that neutralizes urine (the bulbourethral gland produces a clear, viscous mucus that neutralizes urine)
question
In females, orgasm is required for fertilization
answer
False
question
Which of these does NOT empty materials into the area of the prostatic urethra?
answer
Bulbo-urethral gland (fluids from the bulbo-urethral gland enter the urethra further down than the prostate. These fluids lubricate and neutrilize urine traces in the intermediate and penile urethra)
question
Which male reproductive structure is NOT correctly matched with its function?
answer
Epididymis: produce sperm (epididymis is where sperm is Stored and becomes Mature)
question
Which of the following hormones stimulates the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins?
answer
GnRH
question
Which layer of the uterus is made of Smooth Muscle
answer
Myometrium ( as the prefix myo implies, the myometrium is thick, smooth muscle lining of the uterine wall. it has an enormous ability to stretch, and its contraction lead to delivery)
question
Select the correct statement about the hormonal events of the ovarian cycle
answer
High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release
question
During the secretory phase of the uterine cycle, _____
answer
The endometrium prepares for implantation (secretions in the endometrium during the secretory phase aide in implantation)
question
Which of the following phases or processes in the monthly reproductive cycle of the female occur simultaneously?
answer
Regression of the corpus luteum and a decrease in ovarian progesterone secretion
question
What part of the female system is the usual site of fertilization of the ovulated oocyte?
answer
Uterine (fallopian) tube
question
A boy who has NOT passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is No longer released, but LH is normal. After he grows to maturity, one would expect that he would____
answer
Be sterile
question
The _____ is shed during each menstruation and is then regenerated by the _____
answer
Stratum functionalis; stratum basalis (the stratum functionalis is shed as the spiral arteries retract into the stratum basalis. Stratum basalis then regenerates the functional layer back onto the basal layer)
question
Which of these male accessory ducts transports both sperm cells and urine?
answer
Urethra (the urethra carries both sperm cells within semen and urine from the prostate to the tip of the penis)
question
Select the correct statement about testosterone control
answer
GnRH from the hypothalamus causes FSH and LH to release from the anterior pituitary
question
The release of ______ encourages sustenocytes to release________
answer
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH); androgen-binding protein (ABP) (FSH) does stimulate release of androgen binding protien, by stimulating sustenocytes
question
Which of the choices below is NOT a part of the hyphothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis?
answer
Thalamus
question
Select the correct statement about the uterine cycle
answer
If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by a hormone secreted by the developing embryo
question
Which structure(s) of the female's external genitatlia has/have erectile tissue?
answer
Clitoris
question
Which of the choices below is NOT a function of the vagina?
answer
Serves as passageway for primary oocyte (vagina serves as a passageway for menstrual flow, serves as birth canal, and receives semen from penis during intercourse)
question
Normally menstruation occurs when_______
answer
Blood levels of estrogen and Progesterone Decrease
question
Which portion of the penis is removed during circumcision?
answer
Prepuce (foreskin)
question
The oral contraceptive pill, informally called the "pill" contains an estrogen and progesterone or a synthetic mimic of this hormone. The combination of these two hormones taken in the pill and circulating in the blood work because
answer
The hormones cause the woman's body to mimic the activities of a pregnancy and disrupt the ovarian cycle, preventing ovulation
question
What ovarian structure forms at the beginning of the secretory phase, encouraging its progress and then degenerates just before menses?
answer
Corpus luteum (corpus luteum forms at the beginning of the secretory phase and produces hormones that support the uterus. When it degenerates about 12 days later, the uterus enters menses)
question
During what phase of the female's UTERINE cycle is the Uterine Lining Shed?
answer
Menstrual phase (the functional layer of the endometrium is shed during days 1-5 of the Uterine cycle, a process called menses or Menstruation)
question
Which of the following statements about the female reproductive process is NOT true?
answer
Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin (fertilization usually occurs in the uterine tubes, monthly discharge of the uterus (menses) is initiated by the decrease in secretion of female hormones, and ovulation usually occurs 14 days after the beginning of menses)
question
All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true EXCEPT_______
answer
FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium
question
Which of the following will occur immediately after ovulation?
answer
The endometrium enters it secretory phase
question
Which of these structures directly encloses the vestibule?
answer
Labia minora (labia minora are thin cutaneous folds that enclose the vestibule, which houses the openings of the urethra and vagina)
question
A 38 year old male is upset about his low sperm count and visits a practitioner who commonly advertises his miracle cures of sterility. Practitioner is a quack who treats conditions of low sperm count with megadoses of testosterone. The patient experiences a huge surge in libido. Would this treatment result in a higher or lower sperm count, and why?
answer
Lower sperm count. High levels of testosterone inhibit the release of GnRH, inhibiting FSH release, resulting in direct inhibition of spermatogenesis
question
A surge in _______ directly triggers ovulation
answer
Luteinizing hormone (LH) (when estrogen reaches a certain level in the body, it triggers a positive feedback loop that triggers an LH surge. This triggers ovulation)
question
What event coincides with the transition from the proliferative phase to the secretory phase?
answer
OVULATION (ovulation of the oocyte from the ovary occurs at around day 14 of the cycle, just as the uterine proliferative phase ends and the secretory phase begins)