Chapter 27 - Reproductive System 2

Which of the following female sex hormones is most responsible for estrogenic effects? A) progesterone B) estrone C) estradiol D) estriol

T/F The membrane surrounding the ovary is the tunica albuginea.

T/F Ovarian follicles contain mature eggs.

What part of the female system is the usual site of fertilization of the ovulated oocyte? A) uterine (fallopian) tube B) cervical canal C) vagina D) uterus

Which layer of the uterus is made of smooth muscle? A) myometrium B) perimetrium C) endometrium D) mesometrium

Which of the following represents the correct pathway of the egg after leaving the ovary and entering the uterine tube? A) infundibulum, isthmus, uterus, ampulla B) infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterus C) uterus, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum D) ampulla, isthmus, infundibulum, uterus

Which of these structures directly encloses the vestibule? A) fourchette B) labia majora C) clitoris D) labia minora

Which structure(s) of the female's external genitalia has/have erectile tissue? A) clitoris B) labia minora C) mons pubis D) labia majora

Which of the following statements best describes the round ligament? A) It connects the uterus to the labia majora. B) It anchors the ovary to the pelvic wall. C) It anchors the uterus and the ovary. D) It is a large ligament that supports the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the vagina of an adult female? A) The pH of the adult vagina is alkaline. B) The vagina is also called the birth canal. C) The vaginal mucosa lacks glands. D) The mucosa of the vagina is stratified squamous epithelium.

The __________ is shed during each menstruation and is then regenerated by the __________. A) stratum functionalis; myometrium B) stratum basalis; stratum functionalis C) stratum functionalis; stratum basalis D) myometrium; perimetrium

Which of the following conditions might contribute to an increased probability of having an ectopic pregnancy? A) reduced blood flow to the ovaries B) decreased number of cilia in the uterine tubes C) reduced number of granulosa cells D) decreased rate of formation of vesicular follicles

In cervical cancer, which cancer cells that cover the cervical tip are most likely to be abnormal? A) columnar epithelial cells B) squamous epithelial cells C) cuboidal epithelial cells D) transitional epithelial cells

All but one of the following statements is true of uterine function. Select the statement that is not true of uterine function. A) Its rhythmic, reverse peristalsis can propel sperm toward the egg. B) The narrow portion of the uterus near the cervix is the most typical site of fertilization. C) The myometrium contracts to expel the fetus during child birth. D) The endometrium has a functional layer that the embryo will implant into.

The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called the ________. A) Graafian follicles B) uterine tubes C) fimbriae D) infundibula

Fertilization generally occurs in the ________. A) ovary B) uterine tubes C) uterus D) vagina

Which of the choices below is not a function of the vagina? A) serves as the birth canal B) serves as a passageway for menstrual flow C) receives semen from the penis during sexual intercourse D) serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte

Which layer of the uterus is the site for implantation of a fertilized egg? A) stratum basalis of the endometrium B) perimetrium C) stratum functionalis of the endometrium D) myometrium

T/F The Pap smear is a test to detect cancerous changes in cells of the cervix.

Which of the following female structures is homologous to the male scrotum? A) labia minora B) clitoris C) vagina D) labia majora

The mammary glands are classified as being part of which of the following systems? A) reproductive system B) integumentary system C) immune system D) endocrine system

What part(s) of the breast produce(s) milk? A) alveoli B) lactiferous ducts C) lactiferous sinus D) areola

What is the pigmented ring of skin surrounding the nipple? A) sebaceous glands B) areola C) lobe D) lactiferous ducts

Which of the following cells is released during ovulation? A) primary oocyte B) secondary oocyte C) oogonium D) ovum

Which of these is true regarding primary oocytes? A) They are haploid. B) They contain chromosomal tetrads. C) They are basically the same things as oogonia. D) They begin to form in a woman at puberty.

Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature ovum. One came from an unequal division of the ovum, but from where did the other two arise? A) The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies. B) There were originally four polar bodies and one disappeared. C) What you really see are two polar bodies and the sperm that will fertilize the egg. D) One is an undeveloped primary oocyte that failed to mature.

Why does only one egg, rather than four eggs, develop during oogenesis, given that spermatogenesis results in four sperm formed from one stem cell? A) The unequal cytoplasmic division that results in one egg and three polar bodies ensures that a fertilized egg has ample nutrients for its journey to the uterus. B) Actually, gametogenesis (oogenesis in the female and spermatogenesis in the male) produces four eggs and four sperm. C) The egg does not go through the meiotic division processes that the sperm undergo. D) Only one egg can be fertilized at a time.

A surge in __________ directly triggers ovulation. A) luteinizing hormone (LH) B) progesterone C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) D) estrogen

Formation of a secondary oocyte occurs during __________. A) pregnancy B) the luteal phase C) ovulation D) the follicular phase

In humans, separation of the cells at the two-cell state following fertilization may lead to the production of twins, which in this case would be ________. A) dizygotic B) potentially of different sexes C) fraternal D) genetically identical

What is the site of FSH and LH stimulation after ovulation? A) the corpus luteum B) the endometrium C) a secondary follicle D) the oocyte

T/F Ovulation occurs near the end of the ovarian cycle.

What event coincides with the transition from the proliferative phase to the secretory phase? A) Stratum functionalis is shed. B) menstruation C) Enrichment of the blood supply and glandular secretions prepare for reception of an embryo. D) ovulation

During what phase of the female's uterine cycle is the uterine lining shed? A) proliferative phase B) secretory, or postovulatory, phase C) menstrual phase D) preovulatory phase

What ovarian structure forms at the beginning of the secretory phase, encouraging its progress, and then degenerates just before menses? A) primary follicle B) corpus luteum C) vesicular follicle D) corpus albicans

During the secretory phase of the uterine cycle, __________. A) ovulation occurs B) the functional layer of the endometrium regenerates C) the endometrium is shed D) the endometrium prepares for implantation

Which of the following is an effect of estrogens in females? A) promotes lactation B) promotes oogenesis C) suppresses the effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) D) promotes water loss (diuresis)

Amenorrhea can occur in women engaged in extremely strenuous physical activity, and also occurs in women who ______. A) are pregnant B) are overweight for a prolonged period of time C) participate in normal physical activity D) All of the listed responses are correct.

Effects of estrogen include ________. A) increased oiliness of the skin B) growth of the breasts at puberty C) growth of the larynx D) deepening of the voice

Which of the choices below is not a function of testosterone? A) contributes to male sexual behavior and spermatogenesis B) stimulates the male pattern of development C) stimulates protein synthesis D) stimulates mammary gland development

Which is not a part of the proliferative phase of the female menstrual cycle? A) corpus luteum B) late in this phase, cervical mucus becomes thin and crystalline C) vesicular follicle growth D) development of endometrial cells

During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle ________. A) LH reaches its highest levels B) progesterone levels are at their highest C) the Graafian follicle forms D) estrogen reaches its highest levels

Normally menstruation occurs when ________. A) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease B) blood levels of FSH fall off C) the corpus luteum secretes estrogen D) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase

Which hormone is the necessary trigger for ovulation to occur? A) estrogen B) FSH C) progesterone D) LH

Select the correct statement about the hormonal events of the ovarian cycle. A) The LH surge stimulates further development of the secondary oocyte. B) High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release. C) Rising levels of estrogen start follicle development. D) The follicle begins to secrete progesterone in response to estrogen stimulation.

All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true except ________. A) a decrease in the levels of ovarian hormones signals menstruation B) the corpus luteum is formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation C) FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium D) estrogen is secreted by the developing follicle in the follicular phase of the cycle

T/F The corpus luteum secretes progesterone only.

What anterior pituitary-produced hormone works in conjunction with gonadal steroids to promote bone development? A) luteinizing hormone B) prolactin C) growth hormone D) follicle-stimulating hormone

T/F Extremely stressful physical activity in young females can result in excessive bone mass due to large amounts of estrogen production.

T/F In females, orgasm is required for fertilization.