Chapter 25 Questions

Which of the following is directly involved in the initiation of dental caries? A) sucrose B) lysozyme C) lactic acid D) crevicular fluid E) dentin

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is usually preceded by A) eating contaminated food. B) a blood transfusion. C) extended use of antibiotics. D) improper food storage. E) travel to an underdeveloped country.

Which of the following statements about salmonellosis is FALSE? A) It is a bacterial infection. B) Severity of disease depends on number of organisms ingested. C) A healthy carrier state exists. D) The mortality rate is high. E) It is often associated with poultry products

Disease-causing exotoxins are produced by all of the following organisms EXCEPT A) Clostridium perfringens. B) Vibrio cholerae. C) Shigella dysenteriae. D) Staphylococcus aureus. E) Clostridium botulinum.

Which one of the following diseases of the gastrointestinal system is transmitted by the respiratory route? A) staphylococcal enterotoxicosis B) mumps C) Vibrio gastroenteritis D) bacillary dysentery E) traveler's diarrhea

The digestive tract is essentially one long tube. The order of the structures, beginning with the mouth, is A) pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine. B) esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine. C) pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine. D) esophagus, stomach, pharynx, small intestine, large intestine. E) pharynx, stomach, esophagus, small intestine, large intestin

Poultry products are a likely source of infection by A) Helicobacter pylori. B) Salmonella enterica. C) Vibrio cholerae. D) Shigella spp. E) Clostridium perfringens.

Which of the following statements about staphylococcal food poisoning is FALSE? A) It is caused by ingesting an enterotoxin. B) It can be prevented by adequate refrigeration of food. C) It can be prevented by heating foods to 50°C for 15 minutes. D) It is treated by replacing water and electrolytes. E) It is characterized by rapid onset and short duration of symptoms.

The most common cause of traveler's diarrhea is A) Shigella spp. B) Salmonella enterica. C) Giardia lamblia. D) Escherichia coli. E) Campylobacter jejuni.

Acute gastroenteritis that occurs after an incubation period of two to three days and commonly affects children is probably caused by A) Giardia. B) rotavirus. C) Salmonella. D) Staphylococcus aureus. E) Trichinella.

Thorough cooking of food will prevent all of the following EXCEPT A) trichinellosis. B) beef tapeworm. C) staphylococcal food poisoning. D) salmonellosis. E) shigellosis.

Most of the normal microbiota of the digestive system are found in the A) mouth. B) stomach. C) stomach and small intestine. D) small intestine and large intestine. E) accessory structures.

Gums bleeding while brushing one's teeth is most commonly associated with A) halitosis. B) cavities. C) gingivitis. D) periodontitis. E) trench mouth.

Typhoid fever differs from salmonellosis in that in typhoid fever A) the microorganisms multiply within macrophages. B) the incubation period is much longer. C) the symptoms are due to infection of the gallbladder. D) infection is spread only in the feces of domesticated animals. E) infection occurs due to ingestion of endospores

Aflatoxin is a(n) ________ associated with ingestion of contaminated ________. A) mycotoxin; peanuts B) mycotoxin; rye or other cereal grains C) enterotoxin; peanuts D) enterotoxin; rye or other cereal grains E) endotoxin; peanuts

Which of the following causes inflammation of the liver? A) Salmonella enterica B) Shigella spp. C) hepatitis A virus D) Vibrio cholerae E) Escherichia coli

"Rice water stools" are characteristic of A) salmonellosis. B) cholera. C) bacillary dysentery. D) amebic dysentery. E) tapeworm infestation.

Many bacterial infections of the lower digestive tract are treated with A) antitoxin. B) penicillin. C) water and electrolytes. D) quinacrine. E) thorough cooking.

Dental plaque is an example of A) a pellicle. B) a biofilm. C) gingivitis. D) dentin. E) tooth enamel.

Which of the following is mismatched? A) ergot — gangrene B) Salmonella endotoxin — lyses red blood cells C) Vibrio enterotoxin — secretion of Cl-, K+, and H2O D) aflatoxin — liver cancer E) shiga toxin — tissue destruction

Bacterial intoxications differ from bacterial infections of the digestive system in that intoxications A) are transmitted via contaminated water. B) are more severe. C) have shorter incubation times. D) are treated with antibiotics. E) are accompanied by high fever.

The most common mode of HAV transmission is A) contamination of food during preparation. B) contamination of food before it reaches a food service establishment. C) blood transfusion. D) contaminated hypodermic needles. E) airborne.

Which of the following correctly lists the stages of tooth decay? A) plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp B) decay in dentin, plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in tooth pulp C) plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, decay in tooth pulp, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin D) destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, plaque accumulation, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp E) destruction of enamel, plaque accumulation, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp

Which of the following pertains to typhoid fever? A) It is acquired via ingestion of contaminated meat. B) Enterotoxin spreads via the blood. C) It is caused by several different species of Salmonella. D) Causative microorganism multiplies in patient phagocytes. E) It is also called bacillary dysentery

All of the following are gram-negative rods that cause gastroenteritis EXCEPT A) Clostridium perfringens. B) Escherichia coli. C) Salmonella typhi. D) Shigella spp. E) Yersinia enterocolitica.

Helicobacter pylori can grow in the stomach because it A) hides in macrophages. B) makes a capsule. C) possesses an enzyme that neutralizes HCl. D) makes HCl. E) invades epithelial cells.