Chapter 20 And 25-2 - Cold War And United Nations

an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security

Five permanent members( US, UK, France, China, USSR) with veto power in the UN. Promised to carry out UN decisions with their own forces. Created to keep international peace

This period of time following World War II is where the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers and faced off in an arms race that lasted nearly 50 years.

to remove armed forces from an area

Nations with enough military, political, and economic strength to influence events in many areas around the globe - United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War

a political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eatern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region; given the name by Winston Churchill

American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world

First established in 1947 after Britain no longer could afford to provide anti-communist aid to Greece and Turkey, it pledged to provide U.S. military and economic aid to any nation threatened by communism.

Introduced by Secretary of State George G. Marshall in 1947, he proposed massive and systematic American economic aid to Europe to revitalize the European economies after WWII and help prevent the spread of Communism.

Successful effort by the United States and Britain to ship by air 2.3 million tons of supplies to the residents of the Western-controlled sectors of Berlin from June 1948 to May 1949, in response to a Soviet blockade of all land and canal routes to the divided city.

Divided between the USSR, and the western countries of US, Britain, and France into East and West Germany. Berlin was also divdied between Eastern controlled USSR and Western controlled US, Britain, and France.

Organization formed in 1949 as a military alliance of western European and North American states against the Soviet Union and its east European allies; stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization

The 1955 treaty binding the Soviet Union and countries of eastern Europe in an alliance against the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. (p. 836)

First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race.

Leader of the Soviet union during the building of the Berlin Wall and the Cuban Missile Crisis. He and President Kennedy signed the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1963, temporarily easing Cold War tensions., Leader of USSR after Stalin died

Term used by Khrushchev in 1963 to describe a situation in which the United States and Soviet Union would continue to compete economically and politically without launching a thermonuclear war.

A fortified wall surrounding West Berlin, Germany, built in 1961 to prevent East German citizens from traveling to the West. Its demolition in 1989 symbolized the end of the Cold War. This wall was both a deterrent to individuals trying to escape and a symbol of repression to the free world.

relaxation of tensions between the United States and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China; Policy of President Nixon

This man became the leader of the Chinese Communist Party and remained its leader until his death. He declared the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 and supported the Chinese peasantry throughout his life.

Brought forward many differences over east Europe; postwar conference in July of 1945; Stalin would not allow any type of freely elected government in east European countries; Roosevelt had died and was succeeded by Harry Truman, who demanded free elections.

Cold war competition between the U.S. and Soviet Union to build up their respective armed forces and weapons

The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea in 1950-1953.

an international crisis in October 1962, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the U.S. and the USSR. When the U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the island; the Soviet leader Khrushchev acceded to the U.S. demands a week later.

the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control

Conflict pitting North Vietnam and South Vietnamese communist guerrillas against the South Vietnamese government, aided after 1961 by the United States. (p. 838)

Alliance formed to oppose Communism in Southeast Asia